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token privatisation this implies the sale of 5 per cent or 10 per cent shares of a profit-making public sector enterprise in the market with
workers co-operative another form of privatisation is transfer ofownership of a loss-making concern to the workers mr r ganpati formerchairman of the
privatisation in the narrow sense can take several formsa total denationalisation this implies complete transfer of ownership of apublic enterprise
privatisation of the economyprivatisation has to be viewed in two ways in a narrow sense it implies the induction of private ownership in a public
withdrawing mrtp restrictions the restriction on the scrutiny of an investment proposal that it does not violate the provisions of mrtp act
liberalisation of the economyremoval of industrial licensing all industrial licensing was abolished but for a shortlist of 18 industries related
borrowingsthe widening fiscal gap led to a steep rise in the outstanding liabilities of the central government the outstanding domestic debt of
expenditure trends and patterntotal expenditure of the centre has risen twice as fast as total revenue although much of this reflects rising
fiscal imbalancethe persistent rise in resource gap has led to a growing volume of public debt the central feature that emerges is a serious
public expenditure trendsthe expenditure pattern of the government sector has been generally guided by the concern about the role of the state in
combined finances of union and statestaxes on goods and services are levied in india in various forms and at different levels of government centre
government finance union and statesthe fiscal position of the governments - both centre and states - has been under stress since the mid-1980s
criticisms of world trade organisation there are critics too of the wto it is believed that the wto will emerge out destructive of biodiversity
evaluation of the wtothe wto is different from and an improvement over the gatt in the following respects bull the wto is more global in
wto agreementsthe wto administers 29 agreements these cover different areas like trade in goods and services investment measures intellectual
objectives of the wtothe agreement establishing the wto reiterates the following objectives of the wto bull raising standards of living and
functions of the wtothe wto performs the following functions bull it administers through various councils and committees the 29
world trade organisation wtothe international trade organisation ito originally was proposed to be set up along with the world bank and the imf on
functions of the adbadb finances principally specific projects in the region it may make loans to or invest in the projects concerned it may also
asian development bankin addition to the world bank family there are three other international lending agencies operating only in specific
functions of the ifcthe purpose of the ifc is to further economic development by encouraging growth of private enterprise in member-countries the
international finance corporationthe ibrd loans are available only to member-country governments or with the guarantee of member-country
international development associationinternational development association ida is an affiliate of the ibrd it was established in 1960 to provide
functions and resources of the bank the main functions of the bank are as followsbull to assist in reconstruction and development of the
international bank for reconstruction and developmentthe main function of the ibrd is of long-term capital assistance to its member-countries for