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Steel balls 12 mm in diameter are annealed by heating to 1150 K and then slowly cooling to 400 K in an air environment for which T8, = 325 K and h = 20 W/m2 · K
Steam at a temperature of 250°C flows through a steel pipe (AISI 1010) of 60-mm inside diameter and 75-mm outside diameter
Stainless steel (AISI 304) ball bearings, which have uniformly been heated to 850°C, are hardened by quenching them in an oil bath that is maintained at 40°C.
The 150-mm-thick wall of a gas-fired furnace is constructed of fire-day brick (k = 1.5 W/m · K. p = 2600 kg/m · c p = 1000 J/kg · K) and is well insulated
Superheated steam at 575°C is routed from a boiler to the turbine of an electric power plant through steel tubes (k = 35 W/m · K) of 300 mm inner diameter
Steel is sequentially heated and cooled (annealed) to relieve stresses and to make it less brittle.
Steel is carburized in a high-temperature process that depends on the transfer of carbon by diffusion.
Saturated vapor from a chemical process condenses at a slow rate on the inner surface of a vertical, thin-walled cylindrical container of length
Small diameter electrical heating elements dissipating 50 W/m (length normal to the sketch) are used to heat a ceramic plate of thermal conductivity 2 W/m · K.
Saturated ethylene glycol at 1 atm is heated by a horizontal chromium-plated surface which has a diameter of 200 mm and is maintained at 480 K.
Sheet steel emerging from the hot roll section of a steel mill has a temperature of 1200 K, a thickness of d = 3 mm, and the following distribution
Saturated steam at 1 atm condenses on the outer surface of a vertical. 100-mm-diameter pipe 1 m long, having a uniform surface temperature of 94°C
Saturated steam at 0.1 bar condenses with a convection coefficient of 6800 W/m2 · K on the outside of a brass tube having inner and outer diameters
Saturated process steam at 1 atm is condensed in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (one shell, two tube passes). Cooling water enters the tubes at 15°C
Saturated ethylene glycol vapor at 1 atm is exposed to a vertical plate 300 mm high and 100 mm wide having a uniform temperature of 420 K.
Slug flow is an idealized tube flow condition for which the velocity is assumed to be uniform over the entire tube cross section.
Saturated water vapor leaves a steam turbine at a flow rate of 1.5 kg/s and a pressure of 0.51 bar. The vapor is to be completely condensed to saturated
Saturated steam at 1.5 bars condenses inside a horizontal, 75-mm-diameter pipe whose surface is maintained at 100°C
One scheme for extending the operation of gas turbine blades to higher temperatures involves applying a ceramic coating to the surfaces of blades fabricated
Plasma spray-coating processes are often used to provide surface protection for materials exposed to hostile environments, which induce degradation
Parallel flow of atmospheric air over a flat plate of length L = 3 m is disrupted by an array of stationary rods placed in the flow path over the plate.
Our students perform a laboratory experiment to determine mass transfer from a wet paper towel experiencing forced convection and irradiation from radiant lamps
One way to cool chips mounted on the circuit boards of a computer is to encapsulate the boards in metal frames that provide efficient pathways for conduction
Photosynthesis, as it occurs in the leaves of a green plant, involves transport of carbon dioxide (C02) from the atmosphere to the chloroplasts of the leaves
Pressurized water at Tm,j = 200°C is pumped at In = 2 kg/s from a power plant to a nearby industrial user through a thin-walled, round pipe of inside diameter