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equipment used in ebwthe electron beam equipment can be broadly divided in to the following sub systemselectron gun and beam guidance systemthe heart
basic principle of electron beam weldingebw electron beam welding which utilises a heat source of electrons which are accelerated by an electric
need for electron beam weldingebw process the major advantage resulting from the use of a vacuum environment with a working pressure of from 10-5
electron beam welding process and its applications electron beam welding ebw is one of the advanced welding technologies required for the
limitations of resistance welding1 pressure - tight joints are achieved only with flash butt welding resistance welding is not recommended for high
advantages of resistance welding 1 resistance welding is very fast compared to arc welding2 almost any combination of metals can be resistance
testing of resistance weldsthere are a number of destructive and non destructive tests available for testing the welds obtained by resistance welding
transformer for flash butt weldingthe transformer required for flash butt welding is similar to that needed for other resistance welding processes
basic elements of flashbutt weldinga flash butt welding machine is mainly comprised of amain framestationary platenmoving platenclamping
upset butt welding machinesthese are usually small capacity horizontal type machines the power source required for these is a step down transformer
resistance welding electrodes and holdersrequisites for electrodes the resistance welding electrodes are meant for the following functionsconducting
driving mechanism i knurl or friction drive this has either the upper or lower electrode or both driven by a friction wheel on the periphery
intermittent motionmost seam welding machine requirements are met by the use of continuous drive however in cases where heavy work parts are to be
constituents of seam weldingthe essential elements of a seam welding machine aremain frame containing welding transformer and tap switchwelding head
spot and projection welding machineson the basis of the mechanical construction resistance spot welding machines can be of four types viz rocker arm
characteristics of the secondary circuitthe dimensions of the secondary circuit in secondary loop determine to a large extent the performance of
tap switchesthere are elements for connecting the various taps on the primary winding of the transformer to the power supply line the switches are
duty cyclethe concept of duty cycle is to be clearly understood before operating any machine unlike the arc welding power sources the resistance
welding transformerthe resistance welding transformers step down the line tune of 2 to 20 v the primary is connected to the line supply and is made
equipment for resistance welding-protectiona circuit breaker can be provided this equipment can be rated for interrupted capacity which will cater to
equipment for resistance welding-measurementsmeasurement of the parameters are important while fixing the parameters or testing a machine resistance
controls for resistance welding machinesthe main controls required for a resistance welding machine arei initiation and termination of the currentii
equipment for resistance welding-stored energy equipments energy can be stored and further utilised for weldingone method of storing energy is in
equipment for resistance weldingthe equipment for resistance welding is different from that for arc welding for the following reasons resistance
effect of parameters in flash butt weldingflashing feed rate if excessive there is a probability of the parts freezing together without welding if