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q show geographic constraints of the plantthe layout of process units will be influenced by the geographic constraints of the site spacing is
plot plan alignment generally the process units will be positioned in process flow order with common utility blocks positioned to provide economical
q safety considerations in multi-unit plantssegregation of process units within large or multi-unit plants is necessary in order to reduce the risk
process units should have staggered access from at least two directions the space between battery limits of adjoining units should be kept clear and
q illustrate about plant type and processplant layout is influenced by the type of plant both the industry and technology utilized and the kind of
q preliminary layout considerationsthis section outlines the key aspects to be considered when preparing preliminary layouts during the evaluate
layout design development is supported by a number of studies and reviews includingbull hazard identification hazid study and risk assessments -
q show space considerations for plantthere are particular spacing constraints which need particular care and attention when optimizing the layout
q what are the specific issues with plant layoutthere are a large number of regulations and related material that impact the operating plant api
q show conceptual layout of plant during the evaluate phase of a project the early concept design considers broad information of the expected
q show hazard assessment of plant operationusing the hazard assessment of each plant operation will help establish the layout or orientation of
q benefits of a good layout and designthe benefits of a good layout and design cannot be overemphasized they provide an irreplaceable safety factor
plant layouts shall provide for a maximum of safety and exposure protection from the spread of fire with ease of operation and maintenance consistent
q show hazards associated with plantshazards associated with plants will typically include the followingbull inherent fire hazards presented by the
risks associated with identified hazards can be reduced to a reasonable level through the application of good design principles that are focused on
q what do you mean by turret nozzleturret nozzle - turret nozzles are large nozzles that can deliver large quantities of water quickly they are used
q show the sources of ignitionsources of ignition - possible sources of ignition include the followingbull electrical sparks or arcs may occur when
q what is auto-ignition temperatureauto-ignition temperature ait - the auto-ignition temperature is the temperature at which a product will burn
q explain about active fire protectionactive fire protection - a fire fighting system that is normally dormant and is activated automatically upon
q principal design criterion of plant layoutsafety-in-design is a key factor associated with the layout design of any facility the principal design
q plant layout and equipment spacinglayout refers to the location of plants and processpower units within the plants and associated utilities or
q calculate flange stressesstep 1 calculate flange stresses for system design conditions using existing gasket dimensions the minimum width of the
q show the procedure of compute flange stressescompute flange stresses and the actual bolt stress using-colt values for gasket seating stress lsquoy
q what is bolt elongationthe required bolt elongation delta1 may be calculated by the equation 7delta1 325 10-8 sb l0 in7where l0 is the
q determine the bolt torquethe value of the bolt torque which will give the desired bolt stress can be calculated from equation the friction