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observation sampling techniquesince it is usually impossible to observe behaviour for extended period of time because of fatigue and
observation checklistschedulethis section refer to the section on observation technique given in subsection which describes the phenomenon
question contentthe content of questions will naturally be guided by the aims and needs of the researcher direct questioning
types and structuretypes and structure the design of a useful schedule normally involved extensive planning consultation with
research toolsquestionnaire and interviews are probably the most frequently used data collection methods in rlursing research
psychological and sociological measurementpsychological measurement mainly makes use of psychological tests and inventories
physiological measurementphysiological measurement can be classified as in vivo and in vitro in -vivo includes measurements of those which
measurementthe third method of data collection is measurement where standardized instruments are used to measure variables for example
observation techniquewhat does observation technique mean observation is one of the basic and oldest research
questioning and interview schedulemeaning the questioning is a technique of data collection where the sources of data is the
historical sourceshistorical data are a combination of documentary and field sources these consist of documents and various historical
field sourcesinclude living persons who have the knowledge about or have been in intimate contact with social conditions and changes
dichotomous data- data that fall into only two categories are called dichotomous data - although these data ordinarily
in what ways does the change in organization approach to leadership reflect the same conditions as those that influence its current approach to
ordinal dataordinal data are discrete or discontinuous consisting of categories of variable that are ranked ordered or compared according
levels of measurementmeasurement is the process of assigning numbers to the variables ways to assign these numbers include
sampling error and sampling biassampling error may be deiined as the difference between data obtained from random sample and
size of samplelarge samples are more representative of the population of interest than the sinall samples there are no
quota samplingit is a form of non-probability sampling in which the researcher utilises some knowledge about the
convenience sampling - a convenience sample is a group of individuals who are readily available to participate in a study that is the
non probability samplingconvenient sampling or accidental sampling entails the use of the most conveniently available people as subjects
cluster samplingin cluster sampling there is a successive random sampling of units the first unit to be sampled is large
systematic sampling this is sometimes called as sampling by regular intervals the method is also known as pseudo-simple
simple and stratified random samplingsimple random sampling is a type of probability sampling that ensure that each element of the
probability samplingprobability sampling involves the use of random selection process to select a sample from members or