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process of structuringthe formal structure of an organisation is two dimensional-horizontal and vertical the horizontal dimension depicts
introduction you have learnt about scientific management of libraries in unit i one of the managerial functions viz organising
general principles of management thinkers experts and writers on scientific management have evolved useful principles to have practical
directing directing is the managerial function concerned with the interpersonal aspect of managing by which subordinates are led to
directing directing is the managerial function concerned with the interpersonal aspect of managing by which subordinates are led to understand
organising organising is the process of prescribing formal relationships among people and resources iepersonnel raw materials tools capital etc to
planning planning is the process of determining in advance what should be accomplished and how to do it in other words it is an
managerial functionswe have already seen that there are several definitions given by experts to explain the meaning and scope of
scientific managementscientific management is almost synonymous with the teachings and practices of frederick w taylor 1850-1915 throughout his
management - meaning and scope it is very difficult to accurately define management there is no universally accepteddefinition of management
practical application in conducting the interview interviews can be conducted by face to face meeting telephonically or video
administration of interview schedulerules for interviewing fix-up the appointment interviewer should fix up the data and time
administration of questionnairequestionnaire and interview schedule require different skills and different considerations for
developing procedures to facilitate recordingin order to have adequate account-of what was observed during observation some
quantifying observations when the behaviours specified have to provide certain measurement then some form of quantification is
steps in developing observation scheduletchecklisti the first step is to select the aspect of behaviour to be observed we cannot notice
steps in developing a questionnaire or interview schedulea preliminary decisions decide on the form that the schedule will
construction procedureparts of a questbnnaire or interview schedule a questionnaire or an interview schedule contain the following
objectivity objectivity means freedom from bias a test should yield a clear score value for each performance the score being independent of
sensitivity and appropriatenesssensitivity refers to the capability to detect changes or differences when they to occur
reliabilityrefers to the accuracy and consistency of a measuring tool a measure is reliable when an individual remains
construct validityin cqnstruct validity the investigator is concerned with the questions the concept under investigation
major types of validitydifferent aspects or facets of validity questions are explained by the type of validity and number of
characteristics of research toolsan ideal measuring instrument is one which results in measures that are relevant accurate objective sensitive
procedure for data collectionthe planning for research continues till a pilot study is conducted to see that the whole research design