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occupation and resistanceas german forces swept across europe in 1940-41 the nazis established new governments since the conquered were not
the nazi seizure of power among the right-wing groups was the national social german workers party known as the nsdap or nazis it had been
the collapse of weimar germanygermany due to the harsh terms of the vrsailles treaty was particularly hard hit by postwar inflation in the 1920s then
the communist partyone of the most important developments in the 1920s was the rise of the communist party which split off from the socialist party
soviet russiain the summer of 1917 there were in effect two competing governments in russia this is known as dual power at this time the charismatic
the outbreak of the war august-september 1914contrary to the expectations of almost everyone war broke out among the european powers in september of
european diplomacy and nationalism in the balkans 1878 - 1914at the congress of berlin in 1878 the hapsburg empire allied with germany these two
the scramble for africain the second half of the 1800s the leading european countries britain france germany and to a lesser extent belgium --
the civilizing missionthe earliest and to some most important reason for establishment of european colonial empires had been to spread christianity
empires and imperialismin the mid-19th century some european countries notably france germany and austria were called empires this word taken from
the working class and socialismin the 2nd half of the 19th century changes in politics the economy and society caused the nobility to lose slowly
government reformscity and national governments in the later 19th century perceived the changes that were taking place in the cities they began
the problems of urban lifean example of how the cities were changing as a result of an influx of young male workers was the increase in prostitution
growth of cities in the latter 19th centurybetween 1800 and 1900 the population of europe continued to shoot up rising from approximately 188 million
the problem of nationalities in 19th-century europethe habsburg empire also known as the austrian or after 1857 the austrian-hungarian empire had a
the lawful revolutionthe most well organized independence movement was in hungary which had historically been an independent kingdom but which in
toward a greater germanynationalists in the many small german-speaking countries that had once been part of the holy roman empire hoped that they
middle-class nationalists in central europein the spring of 1848 the news of the successful revolution in paris spread across europe especially to
liberals and nationalistsin the spring of 1848 a wave of uprisings swept across europe as people in many countries sought to push away the old regime
paternalistic responses to industrializationthe english government was skeptical of industrys postion on the effects of factory work for moral
utopian views of industrializationan optimistic response to industrialization was what is known as utopianism utopians believed that the growth in
the age of coal and steelin the first half of the nineteenth century most of the innovation in english industry was in the production of fabrics or
technological innovation in industrythose most inclined to find new ways to produce goods were those who had an incentive to do so artisans generally
preconditions to growthas in agriculture industry saw many changes beginning in the later 1700s and continuing across the 1800s these changes led to
handicraft industry and workersthose who did not work on the land in early modern europe were mostly involved in manufacturing which took place