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rousseaus social contractone of the most important books on politics written during the enlightenment was rousseaus social contract 1762 the basic
rousseau and the need for virtueif voltaire was the prime example of an enlightenment philosophe who promoted reason as the essential characteristic
voltaire and the philosophesthose who were attracted to deism and the enlightenment felt that they had to displace the clergy from its influential
deism or christianity without christto promote toleration within the anglican church locke and other whigs argued that further religious conflict
toleration vs traditioneven though the new emphasis on reason was based on a very strong belief in god it upset many catholics protestants and
reason nature and godthis era covers the ideas people and changes in the 18th century that constituted the enlightenment the enlightenment had a
absolutism in prussiaa slightly different form of absolutism developed in the 1700s in the german- speaking kingdom of prussia originally a small
the struggle for absolute power louis xiv vs the french nobilityrichelieu continued to serve king louis xiii until the cardinals death in 1642 the
the architect of absolutism cardinal richelieuin 1610 henri iv was assassinated in paris by a monk who thought him too tolerant of protestants and
the rise of the absolute monarchy in francethe french religious wars of the 16th century culminated in the establishment of a unified monarchy under
the theory of absolutismmonarchy in europe during the medieval period was based on the theory of the king as the first among nobles who represented
the whigs rule britainwith the coronation of william and mary in 1688 the whigs controlled parliament and had support from the crown they used this
the glorious revolutionbetween 1660 and 1688 under the stuart king charles ii and then his son james ii the gentry became the most important group in
the puritan republic and the restorationin 1649 having deposed and killed the king charles the puritan leaders established a republic in england and
civil war and regicidethe army of rebels those who opposed the king was made up of a broad cross-section of english society and politicsleaders such
roundheads and cavaliersby 1640 there was a clear division within the house of commons and across englandon one side were the puritans led by oliver
two views of monarchy divine right vs tyrannydistinct from other european countries in the seventeenth century england was ruled by a monarch but
spainthe most powerful monarchy in europe in this period was spain in the mid-1400s king ferdinand of aragon and queen isabella of castille married
the netherlandslocated to the north of france and west of the rhine river and known as the low lands because much of the land is at or below sea
englandengland like france had a powerful monarch in the early 1500s henry viii he decided that england should break free from rome and should
france more than any other european country felt the political effects of the reformation from the end of the hundred years war in 1450 until the
the holy roman empirein the central part of europe one of the regions formerly part of the roman empire became known as the holy roman empire
monarchy in the 16th centuryto gain consent from lords and nobles to impose taxation kings created councils or assemblies where proposed taxes could
the emergence of sovereign statesthe key to understanding politics in early modern europe is to understand that power was a form of property it was
the radical reformationlater in the 16th century the protestant movement again splintered as another variant appeared in a different swiss city