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define the objectives of load flow analysisthe objectives of load flow analysis arei to analyse an existing power system future expansion or a new
explain load flow analysisthe method commonly used for load flow analysis is the nodal analysis the nodal analysis method is given in many books on
explain fundamentals of load flow analysisthe calculation of electrical power system load flow or current flow is a problem which has no direct
var compensators employing flexible ac transmission system devicesthese are a new generation of var compensators which employ solid-state devices
explain the synchronous compensatorsthese are synchronous motors running without mechanical loads or with load if required similar to the synchronous
explain series capacitorsthese are connected in series with the line conductors and are used to reduce the inductive reactance of long transmission
define shunt capacitors and reactorsshunt capacitors absorb leading vars ie they are used to supply lagging vars whereas reactors are used to absorbs
define series var compensationfor very long transmission lines the inductive reactance of the line becomes so high that not much power can be
explain loads - generation and absorption of reactive powera load at 095 power factor implies a reactive power demand of 033 kvar per kw of power
define cables - generation and absorption of reactive powerit is well known that the shunt capacitance of the cable is very large as compared to that
explain overhead lines and transformersoverhead lines absorb reactive power when fully loaded a line with a current i a a line reactance of xl phase
explain synchronous generatorsthey can be utilized to produce or absorb reactive power an over-excited machine produces reactive power when an
two pure sine waves have similar amplitude a and frequency f they are out of phase through 180 degrees if these two signals are added the resulting
a signal comprises a bandwidth of 1khz centred around 1khz a sine wave along with a frequency of 1250hz is added to the signal the bandwidth of
a pure sine wave along with a frequency of 100hz is sampled at 150hz at which point one of the subsequent frequencies would you expect an aliasa
three sine waves along with frequencies 100hz 200hz and 350hz and with amplitudes of 1v 2v and 15v correspondingly are added together to make a
two sine waves along with periods of 10 ms and 30 ms are added to generate a single waveform a spectrum analyzer is utilized to examine the frequency
why does digital signal processing require specialized hardwarea it needs to perform analog as well as digital functionsb general-purpose
what is voltage multiplying dacsmultiplying dacs function on the principle of producing a weighted sum analog signal where the sum is proportional to
define successive approximation digital to analog convertersuccessive approximation adcs transform analog signals to digital data by comparing the
explain quantizing analog signalsa common analog-to-digital conversion pipeline contains a spectrum limiter a simple low-pass or bandpass filter a
explain limit signal spectrum to prevent aliasingthe sampling frequency should at least be two times that of the highest frequency in the incoming
define sampling frequencysince real analog signals consist of several frequencies spectrum of the input signals should be limited to make sure that
explain practical digital to analog convertersin several dsp applications we must reconstruct an analog signal after the digital processing stage
define sigma-delta analog to digital converterssigma-delta adcs have the benefit of being implemented almost totally in the digital domain they