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ans the transport layersegments upper-layer applicationsestablishes an end-to-end connectionsends segments from one end host to anotheroptionally
there are two logical addressing -a datalink is physical hardware addressingb network is logical software
udp is connectionless and does not give error checking but remember error checking can happen at other layers
ping and traceroute are used by icmp for testingdestination unreachable messages are obtained by a router when it does not have a route to the
most protocol suites have dissimilar osi layer protocols within them at layer 3ip is for tcpip tcp is layer 4ipx is for ipxspx spx is layer 4ddp is
definition latency delaybecause a store and forward switch reads the entire frame before forwarding a larger frame takes longer than a shorter
tcp transmission control protocol and udp are used by tcpipspx sequenced packet exchange is used with ipxnbp name binding protocol is used with
the marketing term isdn modem was formed to help sell the isdn idea to america there is no such thing as an analog modulator demodulator for digital
normally we think of communications science as dealing with the contemporaneous exchange of information among distant parties though many of the same
example of transport layer are-a tcp is connection orientedb udp is
serialized data is not generally sent at a uniform rate by a channel instead there is usually a burst of regularly spaced binary data bits followed
the distance over which data moves within a computer may differ from a few thousandths of an inch as is the case within a one ic chip to as much as
udp sends packets blind down the network and relies on upper-layer protocols to form connections and identify errors tcp is a connection-oriented
a communications channel is pathways over which information can be communicate it may be described by a physical wire that connects communicating
write the characteristic of store and forward switchesa store and forward switch will not forward fragmentsb the
cut-through is the best mode of switching store and forward reads in the whole frame confirms the frame is valid and then forwards the frame onto the
explain difference between broadcast domain and collision domainans broadcast domainsend the packet to all the present networkit might be send by the
arpaddress resolution protocol is a network layer protocol which associates the physical hardware address of a network nodecommonly called as a mac
the address resolution protocol arp sends out a broadcast to verify the mac address from the ip
clipper is a compiler that was well recognized at the time of80s and early times of 90s we can build dos based applications even large applications
in quantum computing we use the method of qubits superposition and coherence a normal bit can be in only two states - 0 and 1 but a qubit it can be
the science and art of manipulating messages in order to create them secure is known as cryptographytwo types are-symmetric key cryptography and
igrp is a distance vector routing protocol designed by cisco the maximum hop count is 255 and it uses a combination of variables to verify a
describe what is meant by asymmetric multiprocessing ampans it imposses hierarchy and a division of labour between processors only one designated
the lan switch copies the whole frame into its onboard buffers and then looks up the destination address in its forwarding or switching table and