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q presentation layer of osi reference model- the presentation layer makes sure that the information that the application layer of one system sends
q show the application layer of osi reference model- the application layer is osi layer that is closest to the user- it offers network services to
q define layered network model- the osi reference model is collection of seven layers every specifying particular network functions- the process of
- the model was developed by the iso international organisation for standardisation in 1984 it is currently considered the primary architectural
- the iso international organisation for standardisation is an international standards organisation responsible for a wide range of standards
need for standards- over the past couple of decades several of the networks that were built used different hardware and software implementations
q protocols and standards - cable network architecture- essential in creating as well as maintaining an open and competitive market for equipment
q define metropolitan area networkmetropolitan area network man cable network architecture overview protocols and standards - set of regulations that
distance covered based on size ownership and physical architecture- lan local area network - suitable for smaller geographical area- man metropolitan
q define ring topology dedicated point-to-point arrangement to neighbours signal is conceded from device to device until it reaches
q what is bus topology multipoint configuration one cable acts like a backbone to link all devices advantages effortlessness of installation
star topology devoted point-to-point links to central controller hub controller acts like exchange advantages - less expensive-
q explain about mesh topology- dedicated point-to-point links to each other device- n n-12 links an every device will have n-1 io ports- advantages -
q what is topology- physicallogical arrangement- topology of a network is the geometric depiction of the relationship of all the links and linking
network criteria - performance - it is able to be measured by transit time and response time affected by type of medium number of users and connected
q applications of networksend systems hosts - run application programs- example email web- at -edge of networkclientserver model - client host
q what is data representationinformation today arrives in different forms such as numbers text images audio and videotext represented like a bit
efficiency of a data communications system depends on three fundamental characteristics - delivery the system should deliver data to the correct
q describe about data communications- data - information presented in whatsoever form is agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data- data
q common syntax of openmpevery openmp directive begins with pragma omp the common syntax is pragma omp directive-name set of clauses where
q what do you mean by openmpopenmp is a compiler directive based standard developed in late 1990s together by a group of main computer software and
the performance of interconnection networks is measured on the below parameters 1 bandwidth it determines maximum transfer rate between any two
q describe the hardware complexity of benz networkhardware complexity of benz network benz network employs lesser switches and it gives good
q show concept of permutation networkin permutation interconnection networks the information transfer necessitates data transfer from input set of
q what do you understand by protocolans in the context of data networking a protocol is a formal set of rules and conventions that governs how