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systems softwaresystems software is generally supplied by the hardware manufacturers it includes operating systems assemblers compilers and
software basicssoftware is a generic term covering the concepts procedures and instructions which cause the computer systems to accomplish the
laser printersthese printers can print a whole page at one command offer highest quality and can combine text graphics etc they are generally
impact printers and non - impact printersimpact printersthese are printers in which the print-head strikes a ribbon and include the daisywheel and
printersprinters printers exist in a variety of forms line printersthese have been widely used for many years in large computer installations
output deviceseach output unit of computer system transmits information from the cpu and converts the electrical pulses to an appropriate output
image processingthis technology is quite advanced and devices are now available for routine scanning and storage of printed pages graphics etc
input devicesi keyboard is the most common form of input devices it was originally designed in the last century since then only minor
input and output deviceafter having understood the characteristics relating to cpu and storage media let us try to learn about io aspects of a
optical disk storage and cd - romoptical disk storage is relatively new alternative to magnetic storage digital data is burnt into the surface of
magnetic tapes and magnetic diskmagnetic tapes are very commonly used for storing large quantum of data for which rapid access is not necessary
backup storageback up backing storage also termed external storage is used to hold programs and data which are read into internal storage when
internal storageinternal storage is also known as main primary or for historical reasons core storage or memory it is used to hold those
computer storagecomputer systems include two types of digital information storage internal storage within the cpu and the backing back up storage
central processing unit cputhe cpu is the physical device that controls computer operations it is considered as the brain of the computer
computer processingmost of the earliest computer memories have been based on physical elements which can exist in just one of the two states on or
hardware basicsin the foregoing section of this unit an attempt has been made to explain to you the historic perspective relating to the
mini computers and micro computersthe mini computers are intermediate in power and may function as small mainframe computers they are often
super computersthe specialised demands and requirements of science industry and military have led to the creation of powerful super computers for
computer generationsfrom the early 1940s to the present computer scientists have been able to identify clear-cut stages in the development of
evolution of a computeralthough computer as we understand it today is relatively of recent innovation its development rests on centuries of
computerpeople call a lot of things computers some of them are cheap but can only process numerical information such devices would better be
micrographymicrographic technology is an outgrowth of photographic technology since this technology is being increasingly used to supplement
reprographyreprography as a term has gained international recognition in 1963 it includes photocopying microcopying duplicating and in-plant
communications technologythe development of communications technology is in a sense a symbol of mans effort to communicate rapidly over great