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q illustrate about first generation computersit is certainly ironic that scientific inventions of great impact have frequently been linked with
the next important effort in the direction of devising an electromechanical computer was made at harvard university mutually sponsored by ibm and
charles babbage the grandfather of modern computer had designed two computersthe difference engine it was based on mathematical principle of finite
q describe about pascalineblaise pascal made very first attempt in the direction of automatic computing he invented a device that comprised lots of
q illustrate the history of computerslets now consider history of computers since this will give fundamental information about technological
q show the liability of cpu in interrupt cyclein the interrupt cycle the liability of cpuprocessor is to ensure whether any interrupts have happened
when can a user program execution be interruptedit wont be desirable to interrupt a program when an instruction is being executed and is in a state
execution of a program in cpu is completed employing different set of registers and their individual circuitry as cpu registers are used for
q perform on occurrence of an interruptdetermining these requirements lets work out steps that cpu should perform on occurrence of an interrupt the
q explain about interrupt servicing routinesfirst the situation is to be checked as to why the interrupt has happened that includes not only device
how does cpu know that an interrupt has taken placethere needs to be a line or a register or status word in cpu which can be increased on occurrence
q what do you mean by interruptsthe term interrupt is an exceptional event which causes cpu to temporarily transfer its control from presently
q limitations of execution of instructions1 size of memory shown in 16 words while instruction is capable of addressing 210 1 k words of memory
q show the steps of execution of instructionsfetch first instruction into cpustep 1 findcalculate the address of first instruction in memory in this
q what is instruction registerinstruction register ir here instructions are loaded before execution comments on figure above are as below all
q what do you mean by program counterprogram counter pc it determines the instruction that is to be executed next which means after the execution of
q explain about memory buffer registermemory buffer register mbr its a register that comprises the data to be written in memory write operation or it
q what is memory address registermemory address register mar it specifies address of memory location from that data or instruction is to be accessed
q what is accumulator registeraccumulator register ac this register is used to store data temporarily for computation by arithmetic and logic
instruction execution is performed in cpu registers although before we define process of instruction execution lets first give details on registers
q describe memory and memory unitinput devices can fetch instructions or data only sequentially though a program may or may not be executed
q how can data and instructions are put into the computersthe data and instructions to a computer are provided by external environment it determines
q how are the instructions executed and interpretedall computers have a unit which performs arithmetic and logical functions this unit is called as
lets answer our second question first all computers have a unit which performs arithmetic and logical functions this unit is called as arithmetic and
q what is data in computersin modern digital computers data is signified in binary form by employing two symbols 0 and 1 these are known as binary