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alu organisationan alu performs simple arithmetic and logic operation as well as shift operations complexity of an alu relies on the type of
q how can we minimize problems occurring because of the branch instructionswe may use various mechanisms which may minimize the effect of branch
what is virtual memoryvirtual memory is a method used in some large computer systems that allow the user to construct program as by a large memory
define mapping and list mapping procedurethe transformation of data from main memory to cache memory is known as an mapping associative mapping
define hit ratiothe performance of cache memory is frequently measured in terms of quantity called hit ratiohit-find a word in cachemiss-word is not
q explain increments and skips subsequent instructionincrements a and skips subsequent instruction if the content of a has become 0 this is a complex
what is content addressable memorythe memory unit accessed by the content is known as an associative memory or content addressable memory this type
define memory address mapaddressing of memory can be established by means of a table that specifies the memory address assigned to each chip the
define bidirectional busa bidirectional bus is that which permits the transfer of data either from memory to cpu during a read operation or from cpu
define bootstrap loaderthe rom portion of main memory is required for storing an initial program known as bootstrap loader it is a program whose
what is romread only memory rom is used for storing programs that are permanently resident in the computer and for tables of constants that do not
differentiate between static and dynamic memorythe static ram is simpler to use and has shorter read and write cycles one of the main applications of
what is random access memoryram or main memory and mention its typesthe main memory in the central storage unit in a computer system it is relatively
define memory management systemthe part of the computer system that supervises the flow of information among auxiliary memory and main memory is
define multi programmingmany operating systems are designed to enable the cpu to process a number of independent programs concurrently this concept
define cache memorya special very high speed memory known as a cache is sometimes used to increase the speed of processing by making current programs
define main memory and auxiliary memorythe memory unit that communicates directly with the cpu is known as main memory ramdevices that give backup
define protocolit is a set of rules that are followed by interconnecting computers and terminals to make sure the orderly transfer of
define modema modem changes digital signals into audio tones to be transmitted over telephone lines and also changes audio tones from the lines in
define dmathe transfer of data among a fast storage device such as magnetic disk and memory if often limited by the speed of the cpu removing the cpu
define polling a polling process is used to recognize the highest priority source by software means in this process there is one common branch
what is priority interruptit is a system that establishes a priority over the several resources to determined which condition are to be serviced
define programmed ioit is the result of input and output instructions written in the computer program every data item transfer is initiated by an
what start bit and stop bitthe first bit known as the start bit is always a zero and it is used to show the beginning of the characterthe last bit is
what is asynchronous transmissionan asynchronous transmission technique used in many interactive terminals employ special bits with this method each