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what are the difference between finite automata and turing machines turing machine can alter symbols on its tape while the fa cannot change
what is a turing machine turing machine is a simple mathematical model of a computer tm has unlimited an unrestricted memory and is a much more
what is sector sparinglow-level formatting also sets aside spare sectors not visible to the operating system the controller can be told to change
what is the use of boot blockfor a computer to start running when powered up or rebooted it needs to have an initial program to run this bootstrap
what is low-level formatting before a disk can store data it must be divided into sectors that the disk controller can read and write this process
define buffering a buffer is a memory area that keeps data while they are transferred among two devices or among a device and an application
how free-space is managed using bit vector implementationthe free-space list is executed as a bit map or bit vector each block is shown by 1 bit if
define rotational latency and disk bandwidthrotational latency is the additional time waiting for the disk to rotate the desired sector to the disk
define seek time and latency time the time taken by the head to move to the appropriate cylinder or track is known as seek time once the head is
what are the functions of virtual file system vfsa it splits file-system-generic operations from their implementation explaining a clean vfs
what are the various layers of a file systemthe file system is composed of lots of dissimilar levels each level in the design uses the characteristic
what is a path name a pathname is the path from the root by all subdirectories to a specified file in a two-level directory structure a user name
define ufd and mfd in the two-level directory structure every user has own user file directory ufd every ufd has a same structure but lists
what is directory the device directory or simply called as directory records information-such as name location size and type for all files on
list the various file attributesa file has certain other attributes which differ from one operating system to another but typically consist of these
what is a file a file is a named collection of related information that is recorded on secondary storage a file having either programs or data a file
what is a reference stringan algorithm is evaluated by running it on a exacting string of memory references and computing the number of page faults
what do you mean by best fit best fit allocates the smallest hole that is big enough the whole list has to be searched unless it is sorted by size
what is the basic approach of page replacement if no frame is free is available find one that is not currently being used and free it a frame can
define secondary memorythis memory holds those pages that are not present in main memory the secondary memory is usually a high speed disk it is
define lazy swapper rather than swapping the whole process into main memory a lazy swapper is used a lazy swapper never swaps a page into memory
what is demand pagingvirtual memory is commonly executed by demand paging in demand paging the pager brings only those essential pages into memory
what is virtual memory virtual memory is a technique that permits the execution of processes that may not be completely in memory it is the
what do you mean by first fit first fit allocates the first hole that is big enough searching can either begin at the beginning of the set of holes
define swapping a process needs to be in memory to be implemented though a process can be swapped temporarily out of memory to a backing store and