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scintigraphy or nuclear medicine scintigraphy was introduced in veterinary medicine in 1970s it is highly sensitive and can detect bone damage much
magnetic resonance imaging mri it is in use as a clinical diagnostic tool since 1980 the distribution of hydrogen nuclei protons present in
computed tomography computed tomography ct imaging is also known as cat computed axial tomography scanning and it is based on the x-ray principle the
ultrasonography ultrasounds are sound waves with a frequency of higher than the upper range of human hearing ie approximately 20000 cycles per
avian reovirus infectionsthere are several avian reoviuses isolated from chicken turkey and other species of birds they are associated with arthritis
radiography radiograph or x-ray remains the most well-known and primary diagnostic tool of all the imaging modalities it works based on the
radiographic imaging radiology has been in use since the discovery of x-rays by wilhelm conrad roentgen in 1895 until 1980s radiography was the only
avian adenovirus infectionseds-76 an adenovirus has been etiologically associated with drop in egg production other adenoviruses affecting chicken
echocardiography it is an exceptionally useful technique for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases particularly in small animals it is noninvasive and
electrocardiography this equipment is used to identify cardiac conduction abnormalities that limit heart performance phonocardiography is used for
endoscopy greek endon within skopion to look atendoscope a tubular instrument is used to examine interior of body cavity or a hollow organ
diagnosisdiagnosis the key for successful management of the disease problem refers to identification of the cause of a disease the process of
veterinary medicineveterinary medicine is a branch of science that deals with diagnosis treatment and control of diseases in animals such as
avian encephalomyelitisthis is an acute infectious disease of birds 3 weeks old which is caused by a member of the genus enterovirus in the family
general information about disinfectantsa disinfectant is a chemical that kills disease-causing agents on contact natural disinfection agents such as
biosecurity in poultry health managementbiosecurity includes all the measures that are taken to prevent infection to individual material and
west nile virus infectionwest nile virus wnv is a type strain of flaviviruses and is related to japanese encephalitis group the virus was first
newcastle disease ranikhet disease ndrdthis disease is caused by newcastle disease virus ndv belonging to the genus paramyxovirus of the family
mareks disease mdit is a lymphopoliferative disease of domestic chicken caused by a herpes virus of the known 3 serotypes of mdv serotype i includes
infectious laryngotracheitisit is a slow laterally spreading respiratory disease of chickens pheasants peafowl and turkeys caused by a herpes virus
infectious bursal diseaseinfectious bursal disease popularly known as gumboro disease is an acute contagious disease of young chicks caused by an rna
infectious bronchitis ibinfectious bronchitis is a highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry caused by a virus belonging to the family
inclusion body hepatitis ibha disease of chickens characterized by acute mortality often with severe anemia is caused by an adenovirus a number of
hydropericardium-hepatitis syndromealso known as angara disease or leachy heart disease this complex illness of poultry spread rapidly in the last
hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeysthe viral etiology in turkey poults showing sudden death was first described in1930 and thereafter reported in most