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avian influenzathe etiological a gentisa via ninfluenz a type a virus und e r the family orthomyxoviridae avian influenza pandemics in pakistan nepal
traumatic reticuloperitonitis trpit is also known as traumatic gastritis hardware disease or traumatic reticulitisetiology frequently small sharp
avian leucosis complex alcthe disease in poultry is caused by an rna virus classified under avian type c retrovirus group under the family
ruminal tympany bloatit is the over-distension of the rumen with gases which may be either frothy or free gas the disease is characterized by change
alkaline indigestionthe disease occurs due to the consumption of excessive amount of protein rich concentrate or non protein nitrogenous substance
hydropericardium syndromehydropericardium syndrome hps known as leechi disease is caused by avian adenovirus 4 hps has been responsible for high
acid indigestionit is also known as ruminal acidosis acute carbohydrate engorgement rumen over load or lactic acidosis ingestion of large quantities
simple indigestionthe disease is common in stall-fed individuals consumption of indigestible food material moldy and nutritionally unbalanced feed
esophageal obstructionit is also known as choke it may be acute or chronic and is characterized by inability to swallow regurgitation and
systemic diseasesdiseases of the gastrointestinal tractthe diseases of gastrointestinal system are manifested by abnormality in prehension
computed radiography the development of intensifying screen has greatly improved the efficiency of exposure and has reduced the exposure time
scintigraphy or nuclear medicine scintigraphy was introduced in veterinary medicine in 1970s it is highly sensitive and can detect bone damage much
magnetic resonance imaging mri it is in use as a clinical diagnostic tool since 1980 the distribution of hydrogen nuclei protons present in
computed tomography computed tomography ct imaging is also known as cat computed axial tomography scanning and it is based on the x-ray principle the
ultrasonography ultrasounds are sound waves with a frequency of higher than the upper range of human hearing ie approximately 20000 cycles per
avian reovirus infectionsthere are several avian reoviuses isolated from chicken turkey and other species of birds they are associated with arthritis
radiography radiograph or x-ray remains the most well-known and primary diagnostic tool of all the imaging modalities it works based on the
radiographic imaging radiology has been in use since the discovery of x-rays by wilhelm conrad roentgen in 1895 until 1980s radiography was the only
avian adenovirus infectionseds-76 an adenovirus has been etiologically associated with drop in egg production other adenoviruses affecting chicken
echocardiography it is an exceptionally useful technique for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases particularly in small animals it is noninvasive and
electrocardiography this equipment is used to identify cardiac conduction abnormalities that limit heart performance phonocardiography is used for
endoscopy greek endon within skopion to look atendoscope a tubular instrument is used to examine interior of body cavity or a hollow organ
diagnosisdiagnosis the key for successful management of the disease problem refers to identification of the cause of a disease the process of
veterinary medicineveterinary medicine is a branch of science that deals with diagnosis treatment and control of diseases in animals such as
avian encephalomyelitisthis is an acute infectious disease of birds 3 weeks old which is caused by a member of the genus enterovirus in the family