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parasitic protozoanout of the thousands of species of protozoa the majority are free living however many species from within the phyla
phylum ciliophora - protozoansimple cilia or compound ciliary organelles typical in at least one stage of life cycle subpellicular cilia present even
classification scheme of protozoaphylum myxozoa parasites of lower vertebrates especially fish and invertebratesphylum microspora parasites of
phylum apicomplexa - protozoancharacteristic set of organelles apical complex asssociated with the anterior end present in some developmental stages
phylum labyrinthomorpha - protozoantrophic stage ectoplasmic network with spindle shaped or spherical nonamoeboid cells small group living on algae
subphylum sarcodiha pseudopodia typically present flagella present in developmental stages of some species free living or parasiticsuperclass -
subphylum opalinata body covered with longitudinal rows of cilium like organelles but true ciliature absent parasitic cytosome lacking two to many
subphylum mastigophora one or more flagella present in adult stages autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition reproduction usually asexual by
phylum sarcomastigophora locomotory organelles - flagella pseudopodia or both types usually with one type of nucleus typically no spore formation
amoeboid protozoanamoeboid protozoan are distinguished by the presence of flowing extensions of their body known as pseudopodia these are used for
flagellated protozoanthese are protozoan that move by means of one or more flagella and include the largest number of species about 6800 asexual
classification of protozoatraditionally protozoans have been classified as flagellates amoebae sporozoans and ciliates we have retained this broad
encystment ndash protozoanencystment is characteristic of the life cycle of many protozoan the protozoan secretes a thickened envelope cyst around
syngamy - protozoanthe two gametes may be morphologically similar isogametes or dissimilar anisogametes the gametes also vary in form they may be
mechanisms for response ndash protozoanprotozoa are sensitive to many kinds of stimuli like touch temperature changes light chemicals etc it is not
respiration ndash protozoangas exchange occurs by the diffusion of oxygen across the cell membrane some protozoan utilize this oxygen but are also
osmoregulation in protozoansosmoregulation or water balance in protozoa is accomplished by contractile vacuoles one to several contractile vacuoles
locomotor organellesthe protozoan locomotor organelle may beflagella cilia or pseudopodia these are of considerable value in classification of
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general characteristics of protozoansthe protozoans are eukaryotes that form a group of about 80000 single-celled organisms under the kingdom
inter-relationships of classificationthe aim of classification is to put together organisms on the basis of their similarities but the question is
limitations of five-kingdom classificationas already pointed out each system of classification has its own limitations the two-kingdom system has
characteristics of the five-kingdom classificationat present as you know the trend is to follow the five-kingdom classification however while
three and four kingdom classificationthe two-kingdom classification while solving many of the problems of classification failed to establish
responses of plants to stressthe internal chemical signals and environmental factors - the external signals which are perceived by special molecules