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mechanisms that affect the heart ratetwo different mechanisms affect the heart rate nerve impulse to the pacemaker region and hormonal influences a
excitation of heart - circulationthe heart has an inherent capacity to contract rhythmically without any external stimulus proof of this is obtained
functions of plasma proteinsthe proteins of the plasma serve several important functions they exert osmotic pressure varying from 25 to 30 mm hg
plasma proteins - circulationthe total protein concentration of the plasma is around 7 only the plasma proteins are of three types - serum albumin 4
blood plasma - circulationcentrifugation of blood results in its separation into two portions - a packed mass of cells which constitute around 45 per
factors affects oxygen dissociation curve -organic phosphatethe presence of organic phosphates in the red blood cells helps to explain many
factors affects oxygen dissociation curve - carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide lowers the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin even if the ph is kept constant
factors that affects oxygen dissociation curves - temperatureat higher temperature haemoglobin gives up oxygen more readily and the dissociation
factors that affects oxygen dissociation curvesoxygen dissociation curve for a sample of blood is affected by several factors the most important of
myoglobinwe can build up the structure of haemoglobin by considering a single unit or monomeric form caned myoglobin this consists of a single
tracheal gills - respirationin many species of aquatic insects the air in the trachae is replenished by diffusion of oxygen via tracheal gills many
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ventilation of tracheal system ndash passive suction ventilationmany active insects and insects that live in environments where water is scarce
ventilation of tracheal system - diffusiongaseous exchange due to diffusion generally takes care of the oxygen needs of most small insects similarly
ventilation of tracheal systemthe manner in which tracheae are ventilated varies with species of insects but movement of air is achieved in two ways
tracheae - respirationinsects that have successfully colonised the terrestrial environment have evolved a respiratory system very different from