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list the four phases of meiosis i and briefly explain what occurs during each phaseprophase i dna coils into chromosomes the nucleolus and nuclear
define two ways in which genetic recombination occurs during meiosisgenetic recombination happens during crossing- over and independent
q when aflatoxigenic molds can occuroccurrence aflatoxigenic molds can occur in warmer parts of the world and aflatoxicosis maybe produced in a wide
q what is aflatoxinaflatoxins are the most widely studied of all mycotoxins knowledge of their existence dates from 1960 when more than 100000 turkey
q explain diffrent type of mycotoxinsmycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds on foodstuffs that cause illness or death when ingested
what would happen to a cell and its offspring if the cells did not go by a g1 phase during their cell cycle describe without a g1 growth phase the
describe cytokinesis in a plant cellvesicles produced by the golgi apparatus fuse at the midline of the cell to form the cell plate a cell
fungi are a very diverse group of organisms and have a significant impact on the production spoilage and safety of food molds have not only served to
algal or planktonic fish poisonings fish poisoning can result from the ingestion of fish or shellfish that have fed upon algae toxic to human beings
some plants and animals originate food contain toxic substances some pulses and legumes contain a number of toxic substances such as protease
food borne intoxications are basically food borne illness caused due to ingestion of toxin produced my microorganisms mycotoxins bacterial toxins
list the four phases of mitosis and briefly explain what occurs during each phaseprophase the chromatin coils and produces chromosomes the nucleolus
list the five major phases of the cell cycle and briefly explain what happens during each phaseg1 phase the cell grows s phase dna is copied g2 phase
some relatively simple eukaryotes like the adders tongue fern may have many more chromosomes than a more complex eukaryote like a mammal what might
how is the structure of a mitochondrion well adapted for the activities it carries outthe mitochondrial membranes segregate the enzymes and reactants
the vitamin niacin is a necessary component of nad niacin can be consumed in food or manufactured in the body from tryptophan an amino acid how would
of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathwaysthese pathways regenerate nad which
stomata can open and close in response to changes in the co2 concentration inside the leaf would you expect stomata to open or close if the co2
why the rate of photosynthesis does increases peak and then reduces as temperature increases increasing the temperature initially accelerates the
how do cam plants vary from both c3 and c4 plants cam plants open their stomata at night while c3 and c4 plants open their stomata during the
which photosystem-i or ii-most likely evolved first describe your reasoningphotosystem ii most likely evolved first because it changes electrons lost
how does the structure of a chloroplast enable it to build up a concentration gradient of protons chloroplasts have an inner membrane system
a why is it significant that ions being transported across a cell membrane be shielded from the interior of the lipid bilayer b why is photosynthesis
explain how a cell produces and releases proteins proteins are made on ribosomes and packaged into vesicles by the golgi apparatus the vesicles move
describe how a phagocyte destroys bacteria the phagocyte forms a pouch in its cell membrane and engulfs bacteria in the pouch it then pinches off the