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What are enzymes? What is the importance of enzymes for living beings? How does the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex explain the reduction of the activation energy of chemical reactions?
Assuming a single open reading frame, how many different polypeptides spanning at least 2 exons can be produced from a gene that has 2 introns?
When Hershey and Chase infected bacterial cells that had been grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorus with bacteriophage T2, both the phage RNA and DNA must have incorporated the labeled pho
What physiological conditions will stimulate glycogen degradation in each tissue? What are the signals for these conditions, and how do they stimulate glycogen degradation?
Discuss the importance of motility in the life cycle of parasitic protozoa. Why is the PAV allele more sensitive than the AVI allele and what are the advantages of PAV allele.
Explain how the quantitative proteomics technique SILAC works. In addition to a general description your answer should include the isotopes used and how complete incorporation is achieved.
Explain the difference between ‘metabolomics' and ‘metabonomics'. What are the main challenges associated with metabolomics?
Name two transcriptomic technologies. Identify an advantage for each technology you have named above.
Briefly describe two ways in which this method differs from traditional Sanger sequencing, and what effect this has had on genome sequencing strategies.
Outline the steps required for the synthesis of an oligonucleotide from phosphoramidite precursors. How has our ability to routinely synthesize oligonucleotides impacted on ourability to synthesise ge
Discuss four possible effects that may occur when a cell receives instructions from two different hormones. Why has it been difficult to develop an effective vaccine against the parasitic helminth Sch
Using specific examples, discuss how postgenomic biotechnologies can improve healthcare. Compare and contrast PCR-dependent and PCR-independent "next generation" sequencing strategies.
DNA replication in bacteria is performed by the replisome molecular machine, which couples the activities of 11 different proteins in different enzymes.
What is the duty ratio of a motor protein and how is it calculated? Define processivity. How is the duty ratio of a motor protein related to its processivity?
Discuss our current understanding of the two motors in ATP synthase, and how they function in concert.Describe the molecular basis and functional roles of the two examples of molecular mimicry found i
What types of behaviour can a singlemolecule experiment reveal for a population of macromolecules, which may otherwise be hidden in an ensembleaveraged measurement? As an example consider
Name one group of eusocial insects that do nothave a haplodiploid genetic system. What drives the evolution of eusociality in insects with clonal genetic systems?
Which of the following is conclusion form the berthold experiment? a) The behavioral and developmental effects of the testes was dependent on neural innervation. b) An organ could be transplanted from
How do cell surface receptors and intracellular receptors differ? What does this mean in terms of the signaling molecules they recognize and bind to?
Compare and contrast the physical and chemical conditions on Earth at the time that life first arose with conditions today. From a physiological standpoint, discuss two reasons why animals could
What type of blood vessel is located in the anterior pituitary? A) Fenestrated with continuous basement membrane B) Sinusoidal C) venules D)arterioles E)None of the above
compare and contrast primary and secondary antibodies? discuss how the performance of a test can be impacted by the prevalence of the disease for which it is designed to detect.
Why do you think iron deficiency anemia is so much more common in females than in males and in pregnant women than in other women?
What abnormalities or defects during development can lead to a lack of sexual concordance at either the chromosomal, gonadal, or phenotypic level?
Which one of the following amino acids interrupts alpha helices, and also disrupts beta SHEETS? (a) Phe (b) Cys (c) Trp