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Explain how the pattern of mortality is likely to change as a population approaches, meets and then exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment in scramble competition.
Question 1: What is stochastic variation? Question 2: Name three types of stochastic variation and describe how each of them affects the chances of extinction of very small and very large populatio
Question 1: What is ferulic acid?Question 2: Why would lower levels of ferulic acid increase straw digestibility at the molecular level?The causative mutation is mapped to a gene that encodes a glycos
Discuss how techniques of genetic manipulation can contribute to improving tolerance of plants to abiotic stress.
Assuming a genome length of 2.4 Gbp and assuming that mutations were randomly distributed throughout the genome, what is the average distance between mutations before backcrossing?
Question 1: Describe how plant communities in natural and realigned salt marshes might be different. Question 2: Which environmental or biological variables best explain the observed differences and w
Give two advantages and two disadvantages of chloroplast transformation compared to nuclear transformation.
Pus a) is a fluid containing dead cells and leukocytes. b) may be reabsorbed by the body. c) may be found in abscesses.
Identify the three filters that determine whether an organism will be present within an environment. What are the three components of water potential for plants?
List four functional activities of the normal human microbiome, useful to their human hosts, that have been used to suggest that the gut microbiome is an "organ" in its own right.
Becca has the flu. What type of immunity is being produced by her body? a)Naturally-acquired passive immunity b)Artificially-acquired active immunity
The prokaryotic cell membrane is the site of: a. ATP energy generation from respiration or photophosphorylation. b. proteins that allow the cell to sense environmental conditions.
Question 1: How does blind luck randomly change allele frequencies and thus violate one of the assumptions of hardy weinburg? Question 2: How does strength of selection influence rate of fixation or l
Describe the two different strategies that nitrogenfixing bacteria use to prevent their nitrogenases coming into contact with oxygen.
Name a strategy other than mycorrhizal symbiosis that some plants have evolved to enhance phosphate acquisition.
Define what ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal associations are, and compare and contrast their role in plant nutrition.
Name three factors that contributed to increases in annual grain yields in the Rothamsted Broadbalk continuous wheat experiments.
Question 1: Other than the ‘microbial loop' describe three ways in which protozoa can benefit plant growth and/or nutrition. Question 2: Briefly describe how (i) algae and (ii) arbuscular mycorr
Give two problems associated with the accurate measurement of denitrification using this method and state what error each is likely to produce in the estimate of the denitrification flux.
Question 1: Discuss how animals select their mates. Question 2: Discuss the costs and benefits of animal group-living.
Provide two reasons why female birds might mate with polygynous males, in an environment where unmated males are relatively common.
Why do many fish species, such as the scissor-tailed sergeant fish, sometimes perform filial cannibalism (eating their young)?
In primate groups, a low ranking male may join a coalition to help a high ranking male get access to a mate. What are the benefits to the low ranking male?
How does the sodium-potassium pump present in the cell membrane work? What is the importance of this protein for the cell?
Question 1: What are some examples of biological activities in which osmosis plays an important role? Question 2: What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common? What are the differ