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imul signed multiplication this instruction multiplies a signed byte by a signed bit in source operand e in the register al or signed word in source
neg negate- the negate instruction forms the 2s complement of the particular destination in the instruction for obtaining 2s complement it subtracts
aam ascii adjust for multiplication after execution this instruction converts the product available in the al into unpacked bcd format this
aas ascii adjust al after subtraction aas instruction correct the result in the al register after subtracting operation of two unpacked ascii
cmp compare - this instruction compares the source operand which can be a register or memory location an immediate data with a destination operand
sbb subtract with borrow - the subtract with borrow instruction subtracts the source operand and the borrow flag cf which might reflect the
sub subtract- the subtract instruction subtracts the source operand from destination operand and result is left in the destination operand source
dec decrement - the decrement instruction subtracts 1 from the contents of the particular memory location or register all the conditions code
inc increment - this instruction increments the contents of the particular memory or register location by the value 1 all the condition code flags
adc add with carry-this instruction performs the similar operation a like add instruction but adds the carry flag bit which might be set as a result
add add - this instruction adds an immediate contents of a memory location specified in the a register source or instruction to the contents of
arithmetic instruction these instructions are usually perform the arithmetic operations like
ldsles instruction execution lahf load ah from lower byte of flag - this instruction loads the ah register with the lower byte of the flag
data copytransfer instructionsmov this data transfer instruction transfers data from one register or memory location to another register or memory
instruction set of 8086 the 80868088 instructions are categorized into the following major types this section describes the function of each of the
8237 modes intel 8237 can be set to four different type of style of transfer1 single - one transfer at a time it allow processor access to the
intels 8237 dma controller 1 the 8237 contain 4 independent io channels2 it contains 27 registers 7 of which are system-wide registers and 5 for each
dma dma stands for direct memory access it is uses same addressdata lines on isa bus it controls the isa bus instead of the processor bus master
the real time system rts calling the clock real-time is somewhat of a misnomer because it only shows the time setting it has been given the rtc is
intel 8259 interrupt controller the 8088 processor has only two interrupt control inputs and interrupt request intr and non mask able interrupt
pc bus and interrupt systemthe pc bus utilized a bus controller address latches and data transceivers bidirectional data buffers1 bus controller
there are 3 kinds of ocws the command word ocwi is utilized for masking the interrupt requests when the mask bit corresponding to an interrupt
the definitions of the bits in icwi are followingalways set to the value 1 it directs the received byte to icwi as oppose to ocw2 or ocw3which also
for an 8088 the 2 addresses linked with an 8259a are normally consecutive and the ao line is associated to the ao pin but because there are just 8
interrupt priority managementthe interrupt priority management logic indicated in given figure can be implemented in several ways it does not