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life of a stara young star is thought to be composed largely of hydrogen gas hence the most likely place for a star to be born is in one
stellar motionstars are not fixed in the heavens they are moving within the galaxies the speed of a star moving toward or away from
fingerprinting the starsastronomers use various methods to measure the distances to stars for determining the distances to nearby stars the method
ventures in spacesometimes the atmospheric conditions distort the light or radiowaves coming in from space for instance there may be a storm
in pursuit of starlightthe easiest method of studying light from a cosmic object is to collect it through a telescope and record it on a
interstellar and intergalactic spacethe space between the stars and the galaxies looks empty doesnt it but this 1s not true in the great dark
the solar familylet us now take you on a journey across the universe we begin from our planet eqrth it is our home the earth is active
cosmic distancesif we asked you what the distance between delhi and kanyakumari is you would say that it is roughly 3000 km another way of
physical universethe universe is vast the earth we live on appears to be just a speck of dust circling a small star in a remote corner of
rejection of heliocentrismthis happened in the year 1918 when the astronomer harlow shapley 1885-1972 first surveyed the size and shape of
stars in the limelightamong galilees my discoveries with the telescope was his observation that the white nebulous band in the sky
stellar parallaxif the earth were stationary a given line joining point a on the earth a nearby star c and any given distant star
the ptolemaic systemthe theoretical nmdel of the universe given by the greeks had a stationary earth at its centre around which the sun the moon
scientific approach to problem solvingthe scientific method and the features of scientific knowledge described above are in no way restricted
nature of scientific knowledgescience as we have seen is inseparable from the rest of human endeavour in the past few thousand years of
deductive logicdeductive logic may be considered as the opposite of induction here the reasoning is more direct if we know a statement
hypothesisthe next step is to formulate hypothesis a hypothesis is a statement put forward on the basis of reasoning about the things that are
method of sciencewe have seen above that science is an enaeavour to understand nature and to mould it to satisfy human needs in earlier units
science in the post-renaissance period 1540- 1760we have seen above that improved techniques as well as growing trade had led to
the copernican revolutionit was right in the midst of these developments in the fifteenth century that there came the first major break from the
navigation and astronomyas we have said earlier by the edd of the middle ages trade on land and over the seas was being sken up on a big
science and technology during the renaissance this phase in the history of science was one of description and criticism first came
renaissance 1440-1540the renaissance was a revolutionary movement it marked a definite and deliberate break with the past it swept away the
the transformation of medieval economythe new techniques led to greater production in agriculture and therefore a surplus from the needs of
technical developments in feudal societyother innovations used and improved by the europeans were the lenses and the spectacles this gave