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A first-order phase-locked loop with loop gain K0 is disturbed by additive white Gaussian noise of normalized (to unit signal energy).
What are the consequences of the Viterbi decoding algorithm not yielding a posteriori probabilities?
Describe the similarities and differences between implementing a Viterbi decoding algorithm and implementing a maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding algorithm?
Consider a voice-grade telephone circuit with a bandwidth of 3 kHz. Assume that the circuit can be modeled as an AWGN channel.
Consider that a 100-kbits/s data stream is to be transmitted on a voice-grade tele-phone circuit (with a bandwidth of 3 kHz).
A given source alphabet consists of 300 words, of which 15 occur with probability 0.06 each and the remaining 285 words occur with probability 0.00035 each.
Find the required capacity if 100 of the possible brightness-color combinations occur with a probability of 0.003 each.
Compute the equivocation or message uncertainty in bits per character for a textual transmission using 7-hit ASCII coding.
Suppose a binary non coherent FSK link has a maximum data rate of 2.4 kbits/s with-out ISI over a channel whose nominal bandwidth is 2.4 kHz.
Table characterizes four different satellite-to-earth-terminal links. For each link assume that the space loss is 196 dB.
You are required to make modulation and error-correction code choices for a real-time communication system operating over an AWGN channel.
You are required to provide a real-time communication system to support 9600 bits/s with a required bit-error probability.
For a fixed error probability. show that the relationship between alphabet size M and required average power for MPSK versus QAM can be expressed.
Explain why the curves in Figure of the text show error-performance degradation at low values of code rate.
Consider a turbo code consisting of two, four state convolutional codes as the com-ponent codes.
Form a table, similar that describes all possible transitions in this circuit, and use the table to draw a trellis section.
Illustrates a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) rate ½, K = 4, en-coder. Note that the figure uses the format of 1-bit delay.
The inter leaver (identical to the inter leaver in the corresponding en-coder) is needed to insure that the sequence out of DEC1 is time ordered.
Calculate the minimum distance of the overall. code. Assume that there is no puncturing, so that the code rate is k
The trellis for a four-state code used as a component code within a turbo code is shown in Figure 8.25b. The code rate is z and the branch labeling.
In the implementation of the Viterbi decoding algorithm, an add-compare-select (ACS) processor is used. But, in performing the maximum a posteriori (MAP).
Considering all the ways that there are to determine whether a polynomial is primitive, the method involving a linear feedback shift register (LFSR).
One of the functions of the district officer is to ensure that each community is reasonably well served in case of a fire.
Cutting speed = 100 m/min and feed = 0.06 mm/rev. Use the lower left corner of the part as the origin in the x-y axis system.
The part in Figure is to be drilled on a turret-type drill press. The part is 15.0 mm thick. There are three drill sizes to be used: 8 mm, 10 mm. and 12 mm.