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When CFCs were first introduced 50 years ago, their benefits were obvious. How do we guard ourselves against unforeseen long-run effects such as this?
What is free-riding in the context of international agreements and what might be some ways of overcoming it?
We talked about side payments given to countries to lower the costs to them of joining international agreements. What types of side payments might be effective?
Estimate the demand curve from the data provided. Use regression analysis to estimate quantity demanded as a function of the price.
How might you design a transferable discharge permit system for solid waste? For phasing out of use a certain type of plastic?
It is sometimes suggested that the most equitable way to resolve issues in international trade. What are the pros and cons of this from an economic standpoint?
If emission standards are ruled out because of, for example, the impossibility of measuring emission. What alternative types of standards might be used instead?
Environmental protection programs are frequently designed to require all polluters to cut. What are the perverse incentives built into this type of program?
Do you think this would lead to a reduction in the total quantity of solid waste disposed of in the community? If they were published monthly?
Explain how this technology could have a beneficial impact in the short run but a less beneficial impact in the long run.
How about the program to ensure the quality of public water supply systems?
How might you interpret this position, using the concepts presented in this chapter?
How does this complicate the job of estimating the total social costs of pollution-control regulations?
Many countries are adopting a wait-and-see strategy toward CO2 emissions and atmospheric warming. What would a rational wait-and-see strategy look like?
Investigate the rules for recycling and solid waste disposal for a local community. What are the incentives that increase the rate of reuse (r)?
What are the factors, both economic and environmental, that make a problem more properly a local issue rather than a state issue?
How might a system of transferable permits be designed to achieve an aggregate recycling target cost-effectively?
What are the implications for cost-effective recycling programs of regulations that establish the same recycling ratios for all sectors of the economy?
In conducting a balancing analysis for a particular chemical or pesticide, what role is played by people's attitudes toward risk?
What are the two primary alternative explanations for the demographic patterns found in the vicinity of many hazardous-waste dump sites?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the doctrine of strict, joint, and several liability for Superfund sites?
How might a deposit-refund system be designed to provide incentives to dispose of hazardous materials in approved ways?
If people ordinarily will invest in items that save money in the long run, why is the CAFE program necessary at all?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a "new-source" bias in stationary-source air-pollution control?
What possibilities would this open up for new types of mobile source emission control programs?