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1 show that when averaged over the z hemisphere the average value of cos theta is 12 where theta is the angle with the
suppose that you were to direct photons of various wavelengths at the sun and wish to know whether they would be
in a bad dream you are naked in outer space you only emit radiation as there is little or none to absorb from your
suppose that the earth acts as a blackbody of radius 64 times 106 m and effective temperature 240 k this is not the
1 the radius of the sun is 7 times 108 m and the radius of the earths orbit is 15 times 1011 m the energy flux leaving
we are going to investigate the feasibility of treating atoms as harmonic oscillators even if their potential wells are
in quantum mechanics we learn that the average energy of a simple harmonic oscillator is given by epsilon n 12 homega
if the atoms in conductors behaved as classical harmonic oscillators and the conduction electrons as a classical ideal
the oscillations for a phonon traveling in the positive x direction can be approximated by a plane wave y a coskx -
in a certain solid the atomic separation is about 02 nm and the speed of sound ie the speed of travel of the phonon
two different solids consist of the same number of atoms and vibrations travel with the same speed in both but the
in a certain system of degenerate conduction electrons only 1015 are free at 200 ka roughly what is the total thermal
suppose that figure 232a is a sketch of the band structure for aluminum sketch the corresponding figure for silicon
a why can outer electrons migrate between neighboring atoms more easily than the inner electronsb why are the outer
the density of gold is 193 times 103 kgm3 its atomic mass number is 197 and the debye energy is 00142 ev the fermi
the density of copper is 89 times 103 kgm3 and its atomic mass number is 64 each copper atom gives one electron to the
the density of gold is 193 times 103 kgm3 and its atomic mass number is 197 each gold atom gives one electron to the
1 in a certain metal there are 64 times 1028 conduction electrons per cubic meter assuming that the fermion gas model
the density of matter in the center of the sun is about 150 gcm3 and the temperature is about 12 times 107 k nearly all
the radius of a uranium nucleus is 7 times 10-15 m it has atomic number 92 and mass number 238 protons and neutrons are
1 consider an intrinsic material at 300 k under pressure the band gap is reduced from 16 to 15 ev by what factor does
consider an n-type semiconductor with a band gap of 08 ev and with 1021 dopant atoms per m3 giving 2 times 1021 donor
consider an n-type semiconductor at 300 k with a band gap of 11 ev donor levels lying 003 ev below the conduction band
consider a p-type semiconductor at 300 k with band gap of 08 ev acceptor levels lying 004 ev above the valence band and
consider an n-type material at 300 k with donor levels 002 ev below the conduction band the number of holes in the