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planning of railway stations and facilities providedthe planning of railway stations should cover the following aspectsa
railway stationtypes of stationsthere are the following types of stationsa terminal stations howrah station in kolkata and mumbai central being good
railway operationterminal facilities are an important feature of railway operation these include stations where trains stop and passengers are
keywordsdegree of curve the angle subtended at the centre by a chord of 100 ft 305 m
points and crossingsfunctionrailway technology is based on an exclusive track for movement for diverting trains from one track to another some
creepcreep of rails is the forward movement of rails in the direction of dominant traffic over a period of time creep is undesirable because it
sleepersthe sleeper is the part of the track on which the rails rest its functions are a to hold the rails to the correct gaugeb to transmit and
formation embankmentthe formation is the earthen embankment on which the other components of the track rest for supporting the heavy loads the earth
alignment of a railway lineselection of alignmentthe following points must be considered in selecting the alignment of a railway line a it should be
railwaysrailway transport is one of the important modes of transport in india its technology is based on the traction of a group of wagons or coaches
important section of fly-overs and underpassesculverts a structure having a waterway upto 5 mminor bridge a structure having a waterway of 6-30
overbridges fly-overs and underpassesrailway over-bridgesrailway over-bridges rob are structures constructed to enable the road traffic to go over
masonry arch culvertsbrick or stone masonry arches were very popular forms for culverts till recently the disadvantage with this form is the
stone slab culverts with abutments and pierswhere good quality stone slabs are available like granite slabs they can be used for superstructure of
types of culvertsculverts are constructed with various materials and to different designs the popular forms are a temporary stone scuppersb stone
determine the dead loada 250 mm diameter sewer is placed in a 275 m deep rectangular trench that is 065 m wide this trench is backfilled with
keywords used in appropriate technologyhill roads roads in hilly and mountainous terrainlandslides the slippage of mass of hill faceretaining walls
use of labour-based and appropriate technologythe construction and maintenance of rural roads can generate a good level of employment hence the
principles governing rural roads design standardsthe following principles should govern in design of rural roads a rural roads are low volume
hill roads alignment selection and geometric design standardshere you have already learnt how an alignment of a hill road has to be selected the
road under special conditionsroads passing through difficult terrain and environmental conditions require special attention in design construction
maintenance of bridges and culvertscareful inspection of bridges and culverts at periodic intervals can detect cracks foundation settlement scour
calculate sif of crack - beaman edge cracked beam carries crack in its central plane whose lengths is 5 mm a load of 1000 n is applied opposite to
volume fraction of fibresthe epoxy material is prepared to be stressed to its full strength what must be volume fraction of
evaluate stress in fibreexample the matrix material can be stressed to its full strength of 80 mpa calculate the allowable of broken fibres what