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explain zero bases budgeting according to david humdingeraccording to david humdinger zbb is a management tool which provides a systematic method for
define zero bases budgeting according to cimaaccording to cima zbb is a method of budgeting whereby all activities are re evaluated each time a
what are the features of zero base budgeting1 manager of a decision unit has to completely justify why there should be at all any budget allotment
incremental budgetingincremental budgeting uses a budget prepared using a last period budget or actual performance as a base with incremental amount
advantages of incremental budgetinga the budget is stable and change is gradualb managers can operate their departments on a steady basisc the system
disadvantages of incremental budgetinga incremental budgeting suppose activities and method of working will continue in the same wayb no incentive
traditional budgeting vs zero base budgeting1 traditional budgeting is accounting oriented main stress happens to be on previous level of expenditure
explain ranking of decision packages - zero base budgetingranking of decision packages by ranking the decision packages a company will be able to
identification of decision packages - zero base budgetingeach manager should break down his decision unit into smaller decision packages top manager
explain decision unit - zero base budgetingdecision units an organization is divided among decision units the manager of the decision unit justifies
categories of zero base budgeting the preceding discussion will reveal that zero base budgeting is based primarily on1 development of decision units2
introduction of zero base budgetingsteps involved in the introduction of zero base budgeting1 corporate objectives should be established and laid
application of zero base budgetingin the following areas zbb may be applied1 redundant schemes may be discontinued2 identify the duplicate schemes
advantages of zero base budgeting1 it provides a basis for evaluating decision packages on the basis of benefit considerations2 it reduces
disadvantages of zero base budgeting1 it is not suitable for all the activities in an organization2 it has limited application in a profit making
definition of cost reductioncost reduction is planned positive approach to reducing expenditure cost reduction exercises are planned campaigns to cut
normal 0 false false false en-in x-none x-none microsoftinternetexplorer4 what is the meaning cost reduction now a day
characteristics of cost reduction1 cost reduction must be real said through increase in productivity change in product design improvement in
determine the scope and areas of cost reductionscope and areas of cost reduction the scope of cost reduction is so wide that it is not practicable to
improvement in product design may result in cost reduction illustrated below1 material cost change in design of the product may result in saving in
difficulties in cost reduction1 resistance by employees to pressure to reduce cost usually because the nature and purpose of the campaign has not
explain kaizen costing it is a japanese method used to manage cost during a product s planning and design stages and has been used by some japanese
what is kaizenkaizen is the japanese term for continuous improvement the kaizen concept was pioneered by in japan by toyota as daily challenge to all
advantages of kaizen costing1 record individual tasks2 instantly replay observation3 select and use best practice4 categorize activities using kaizen
explain the terms - maintenance and improvementmaintenance under the maintenance function the management must first establish policies rules