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q explain function of application layerlayers of osi model are as follows1 the physical layer this defines an interface in terms of connections
q explain about simplex communicationsimplex communication microphone and the earphone are transducer elements of the telephone communication system
q justify disadvantages and advantages of packet switching over circuit switchinganscomparison of circuit switching and packet switching showing
q what is the need of modem in data communicationneed of modem modems are used to interface computers computer networks in addition to other terminal
q what is a modemmodems are generally used to interface digital circuits to transmit information on analogue channels such as telephone systems modem
q what are the benefits of ccs over in-channel signallingthe benefits of ccs over in-channel signalling are listed belowa information can be exchange
q explain own-exchange routingown-exchange routing or distributed routing enables alternative routes to be chosen at the intermediate nodes so
level 1 is means of sending bit streams over a physical path it uses times lot 16 of a 2 m bits pcm system or times slot 24 of a15 m bits systemlevel
q explain the architecture of ss7 and compare with seven-layer osi architectureansa block schematic diagram of ccitt no 7 signalling system is
q what is centralized spcin centralized control all control equipment is replaced by a single processor which should be quite powerful it should be
q compare electromechanical switching system with electronic switching systemsr noelectromechanical switching systemelectronic switching
q what do you mean by conditional selectionconditional selection when a marker is instructed to create a connection from a given incoming trunk to a
q explain about register markerregister marker stronger selectors perform searching and counting though the crossbar switch has no lsquointelligence
q what are the supplementary servicesnew services are called supplementary services and some of the prominent ones are as belowcategory 1
q show the dialling circuitdialling circuit enables subscriber to output signals representing digits and this enables caller to enter destination
q need of microphone in telephone hand setmicrophone for all practical purposes microphone is transmitter for telephone the microphone converts
q use of speakerspeakerbasically speaker is the receiver for telephone speaker converts electrical signals received from local loop to acoustical
q working of equalizer circuitequalizer circuit equalizers are combination of passive components capacitors resistors and so on that are used to
q working of on - off hook circuit in telephone hand setonoff hook circuit sometimes termed as a switch hook is nothing more than a simple
q what is ringer circuit in telephone hand setpurpose of the ringer is to alert destination party of incoming calls audible tone from the ringer
q explain telephone hand set and itrsquos working a standard telephone set is comprised of a transmitter a receiver and electrical network for
q what is dual tone multi frequencydual tone multi frequency dtmf was first introduced in 1963 with 10 buttons in western electric 1500 -type
q explain about common channel signallingcommon channel signalling ccs centralized maintenance and automatic faultdiagnosis and interactive
q what is stored program control stored program controlmodern digital computers use stored programmed concept here a program or a set of instructions
q explain about common controlcommon control those systems in which the control subsystem is outside the switching network are known as common