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A random signal X can be observed only in the presence of independent addictive noise N. The observed quantity is Y = X + N.The joint probability density function of X and Y is f(x,y) = K exp[-(x2 +
What refractive index and what thickness do you need to make aquarter-wave anti-reflection coating between air and silicon at10GHz At λ0= 10μm Assume undoped silicon with losses negligible
An ECG lead is oriented such that its electrodes are placed onthe body in positions that pick up an electromyogram from the chestmuscles as well as the electrocardiogram. Design a circuit thatsepara
determine the most cost-effective implementation by;selecting cables sizes and supply voltages and appropriate insulation. Assume copper wire is 3x as expensive as auminum wire and every AWG size in
A circuit has in series an electromotive force given b E(t) = 5sin 100t V, a resistor of 10 Ω, an inductor of 0.05 H, and acapacitor of 2 x 10-4 farads. If the initial current andthe initial c
Sometimes, the series combination ofthese two devices is used to provide constant current to the LEDfrom a variable voltage. Sketch the overall volt amperecharacteristic to scale for the parallel co
The equivalent circuit for a typical automotive battery charging system is a three-phase delta-connected source which represents thestator coils of the alternator. a) Sketch the load voltagevoltage
An LTI system has an impulse response h(t) = e^(t) u(-t),where u(t) is the unit step signal. (a) Give a differential equation description for the system. (b)Suppose that an input signal is given as
In general,dimes should be given before nickels, e.g., if there are at leasttwo diis left, these should be given with a singlenickel, rather than five nickels. There is definitely a possibility that
What are the most common insulators used for extremely high voltages. Explain your answer with, at least, two points foreach insulator. Hint. they can withstand much highertemperatures than rubber i
on an oscilloscope grid, the vertical axis is set to 1V/division, and the horizontal (time) axis is set to 1 ms/division.The postion of the CRT trace has been adjusted so that zero volt(ground) corr
Design a buffer circuit to measure the voltage on a small capacitor using a bipolar transistor and a DVM. Design a similar circuitusing a FET transistor. Which is better and why
Consider four logical input lines(A,B,C, and D) to represent a fourbit decimal integer. The decimal value of this four bitinteger is to be shown on a seven segment display. You are todesign a functi
Design each of the circuits specified in the Procedure section of this lab. Your design should attempt to get within § 5 % of the specified gain. All designs are to use standardcommercial 5 % r
Explain in one or two sentences the key reason why a CMOS Domino circuit is safer than an ordinary dynamic circuit when cascading several inseries
The onboard antenna has EIRP=60dB. Estimate aproximate area of effective aperture of the consumer receiving ground dish antenna without taking into account additional losses such as polarization los
Calculate the smallest area of the RCS pf the target if the transmitters peak power is 1MW, frequency =10GHz, sensitivity ofthe receiver is -100dB/W, antenna gain is 50dB. Perform the calculation fo
At oneparticular quiescent operating point, a BJT produces a 300 mAchange in collector current for a 0.1 volt change in thebase-emitter voltage. What is gm for thistransistor in millisiemens
In a bipolar junction transistor amplifier with a base resistor of about 10 kW and a collector resistor of about 1 kW, roughly estimate these capacitors for an audio amplifier
A simple RC filter is to be designed to pass frequencies below a nominal value of 40 Hz. If the attenuationat 40 Hz is to be 5 dB, determine suitable values of R and C for the filter.
A 20-KΩ / V voltmeter reads 10 V full scale. (a) What series resistance is required to make the meter read50 V full scale (b) What power will the series resistor dissipate when themeter reads fu
What characteristics of CMOS devices make them a desirable digital logic technology to use in portable electronic devices, such as MP3players What device properties influence the operating speed and
Although this forms PNP and NPN transistors, the bias of the regions isdesigned so the junctions are reverse biased and the electric fieldeffects on the channel are supposed to control the MOS-FETt
A symmetric confocal resonator with mirror spacing d = 16cm,mirror reflectances 0.995, and n =1 is used in a laser operating atλo = 1μm. a) Find the radii of curvature of the mirrors. b) Fi