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these permit the user to unload a database or parts of a database and reload the data on the similar machine or on another machine in a dissimilar
these are designed to reduce the effects of a database failure and make sure a database is restored to a consistent state if a failure does arise
these are interactive interfaces graphical that hide the difficulty of the dbms and query language behind an intuitive simple to understand and
command line interfaces these are interactive interfaces character-based that let you use the complete power and functionality of the dbms query
there are three main sources of utilities and applications for a dbmsa vendor applications and utilities are given for working with or maintaining
at its most essential level the dbms architecture can be divide into two parts the back end and the front endthe back end is responsible for managing
an ideal data dictionary should have everything a dba wants to know about the database1 conceptual external and internal database
the database administrator dba uses the data dictionary in each phase of a database life cycle beginning from the data gathering phase to the design
the indices are accumulated in the index files the data is accumulated in the data files indices give fast access to data items for example a book
write a query that uses the union operator1 use the software experts database to a display the first and the last name of all consultants who
a customer places orders for parts and belongs to a particular industry group an individual order is taken by a particular sales representative on a
database administratorone of the main perpose for having the database management system is to have control of both data or programs accessing that
query processorthe query language processor is responsible for taking query language statements or shifting them from the english-like syntax of the
database managerit is the interface among low-level data queries and application programs databases typically need a large amount of storage space it
file managerfile manager handles the allocation of space on disk storage it starts and maintains the list of structures and indices described in the
ddl compilerthe ddl compiler changes the data definition statements such as create table in sql into a set of tables having metadata tables these
dml precompilerall the dbms have two basic sets of languages - data definition language ddl that have the set of commands needed to define the format
insulation between conceptual and physical structuresit can be defined as1 the database administrator should be capable to vary the storage
the need for three level architecturethe aim of the three level architecture is to divide each users view of the database from the way the database
mappings between levels and data independencethe 3 levels of abstraction in the database do not exist separately of each other there must be some
the internal or physical levelthe collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database the internal
the conceptual level or global levelthe conceptual level presents a logical view of the complete database as a unified whole it permits the user to
three level architecture of dbms or logical dbms architecturethe logical architecture defines how data in the database is perceived by users it is
normal 0 false false false en-in x-none x-none
representing complex relationship among dataa database may contain varieties of data interrelated to each other in numerous ways a dbms must have the