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improved availabilitythe data in a distributed system may be replicated so that it is at more than one site thus the failure of a node or a
improved reliabilityin a centralised dbms a server failure stops the operations of the dbms though a failure at single site of a ddbms or a failure
reflects organisational structuremany organizations are distributed over various locations if an organisation has many offices in dissimilar cities
distributed control and data sharingthe geographical distribution of an organization can be showed in the distribution of the data if a number of
advantages of data distributionthe primary benefit of distributed database systems is the ability to access and share data in a reliable and
advantages and drawbacks of ddbms there are various reasons for building distributed database systems with sharing of data reliability and
a distributed transactionlet us demonstrate the concept of a distributed transaction by considering a banking system having of three branches located
need for distributed database systemsa distributed database is a set of database kept on multiple computers that appears to applications as a one
objectives differentiate ddbms and conventional dbms describe network topology for ddbms describe the concepts of horizontal and vertical
distributed and client server databasesintroductionthis unit tells the distributed database systems which are primarily relational and one important
authorisationauthorisation is the culmination of the administrative policies of the organisation as the name shows authorisation is a set of
security and integrityafter reading the concepts of database recovery in the last section let us now deal with a vital concept that helps in
log based recoverylet us first describe the term transaction log in the context of dbms a transaction log is a record in dbms that remains track of
recovery techniquesafter reading the types of failures and database errors let us talk about how to recover from the failures recovery can be
1 define each of the following in your own words a fileb recordc fieldd primary keye secondary key2 a
system errorthese contain errors in database system or the os example deadlockssuch errors are fairly hard to detect and need reprogramming the
consistency error these errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a
user error this contains errors in the program eg logical errors with errors made by online users of database these types of errors can be
database errorsan error is said to have occurred if the implementation of a command to manipulate the database cannot be successfully finished either
failure controlling methodsfailures can be handled using different recovery methods that are talk about later in the unit but the first question is
1 identify the comparisons and exchanges made to sort the following array using the selection exchange sort technique note you may not need all
1 a company wants a report containing a breakdown of payroll by department input which should be stored in 3 parallel arrays includes each employees
1 design the logic using a looping structure for a program that outputs every even number from 1 through 25 along with its square and cube 2 mr
hardware failure hardware failures are the failures when some disk or hardware chip fails this may result in loss of data one such trouble can be
software failures in such cases a software error abruptly stops the implementation of the current transaction or all transactions therefore