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what is meant by physical blocksthe input and output operations are completed in block units the blocks residing on the disk are referred to as
define blocksthe database system resides eternally on non-volatile storage and is into fixed-length storage units known as
what are the storage typesthe storage types area volatile storageb nonvolatile
what are the two types of errorsthe two types of errors area logical errorb system
what is a recovery schemean integral part of a database system is a recovery scheme that can restore the database to the reliable state that existed
what are the two methods for dealing deadlock problemthe two procedures for dealing deadlock problem is deadlock detection and deadlock
what is a database graphthe partial ordering implies that the set d may now be viewed as a directed acyclic graph known as a database
define upgrade and downgradeit gives a mechanism for conversion from shared lock to exclusive lock is called as upgradeit gives a mechanism for
define the phases of two phase locking protocolgrowing phase a transaction may get locks but not release any lockshrinking phase a transaction might
what is deadlockneither of the transaction can ever proceed with its normal implementation this situation is known as
define locklock is the most common used to execute the requirement is to permit a transaction to access a data item only if it is currently holding a
what are the two types of serializabilitythe two types of serializability isa conflict serializabilityb view
what is average response timethe average response time is that the average time for a transaction to be done after it has been
give the reasons for allowing concurrencythe reasons for allowing concurrency is if the transactions run serially a short transaction might have to
what is a shadow copy schemeit is simple but efficient scheme known as the shadow copy schemes it is based on making copies of the database called
what are the states of transactionthe states of transaction are-a activeb partially committedc failedd abortede committed f
when is a transaction rolled backany changes that the aborted transaction made to the database must be uncompleted while the changes caused by an
what is recovery management componentensuring durability is the responsibility of a software component of the base system known as the recovery
what are the properties of transactionthere are three properties of transactions -a atomicityb
what are the two statements regarding transactionthe two statements regarding transaction of the form are-a begin
what is transactioncollections of operations that form a single logical unit of work are known as
what is known as fudge factorthe number of partitions is enhanced by a small value called the fudge factor which is usually 20 percent of the number
what is called as an n-way mergethe merge operation is a generalization of the two-way merge used by the standard in-memory sort-merge algorithm it
what is called as recursive partitioningthe system repeats the splitting of the input unless each partition of the build input fits in the memory
what is called a query -execution enginethe query implementation engine takes a query evaluation plan implements that plan and returns the answers to