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place a prepared slide of giardia first under tlie low power and then under the high power of the microscope and observe tlie followilig charactersi
place a prepared slide of trypunosoma under tlic microscope and focus it under low power you will observe large number of tiny spindle-shaped
both the parts profit and loss account and trading account of last account are interdependent upon each other gross profit or loss plays a very
this is the income received but not earned throughout the accounting period conversely this is the income for those services are to be rendered in
accrued income is an amount earned although not in reality received during the accounting period or till the date of preparation of last accounts for
expenses paid in previous of their use or consumption is termed as prepaid expenses at the ending of the year a portion of the payment keeps
expenses are usually recorded only while they are paid the failure to record unpaid expenses in the accounts outcomes in an understatement of which
a provision must be made in advance for those debts whose recovery is uncertain and to writing off bad debts each enterprise depends on their past
these are losses on account of uncollectable debts while the amount due from debtors is irrecoverable it is termed as bad debts bad debts being loss
this is the amount charged due to the usage and passage of time fixed assets are utilized for earning revenue thus a decrease in their value is
the value of un-sold stock the stock is valued at cost or market price either is lower usually the closing stock is not specified in the trial
accounts are prepared according to accounting concepts principles and conventions as final accounts are prepared on accrual basis this becomes
reserves and surplus or retained earnings usually occur out of profitable operations this is a surplus not distributed through the firm as dividends
capitalwe have seen previous in this section that the fundamental accounting equality states asassets liabilities owners equity from the
long-term liabilitiesthese are usually for more than one year they cover almost all the outsiders liabilities not comprised in the current
these should be distinguished from estimated liabilities estimated liabilities are identified liabilities where the amount is uncertain contingent
where the liabilities are identified but the amounts cannot be precisely found we estimate the liability and give for it as a liability a common
accrued liabilities show expenses or obligations incurred in the earlier accounting period but the payment for similar will be made in the subsequent
accounts payable or sundry creditors are generally unsecured debts owed through the firm these are also considered to as payables on open accounts
does manufacturing overhead include the following1material handling - labour for purchasing material shipping inbound for raw materials and outbound
current liabilitieswe have studied about liabilities are claims of outsiders against the business conversely these are amounts owed through the
these are assets or things of value without physical dimensions they cannot be touched they representing intrinsic value without material being and
fixed assetsthese are tangible relatively long-lived items owned through the business the benefit of these assets is obtainable not only in the
prepaid expensesin many conditions like a custom some of the item of expenses is generally paid in advance such as rent taxes insurance and
inventorywithin a trading firm inventory is merchandise held for sale to customers into the ordinary course of business in condition of manufacturing