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q resolution of domain name system- mapping a name to an address or else an address to a name- resolver is a dns client used by an address to provide
dns in the internet -domain name space is split into three sections country generic and inverse-generic domains define hosts by generic
q what is domain names - full domain name is a sequence of labels separated by dots - fully competent domain name fqdn contains the full name of a
q define name space in domain name system- all names assigned to machines on an internet- must be unique either flat or hierarchical- flat name space
q explain about domain name system-in the past mapping of ip addresses was static using a host file-impossible in todays dynamic environment-domain
q quality of service - multiplicative decreasequality of service the collective consequence of service performance which determines the degree of
q show the congestion avoidance in tcp slow start ss amp additive increase ai aicongestion avoidance start with the congestion window cwnd max
q show the congestion control in tcpcongestion control in tcp tcp assumes that the cause of lost segment is due to congestion in the network
q example on audio transmission admission policy - qos mechanism switches routers first check resource requirements of a flow before admitting it to
q explain about congestion controlcongestion control open-loop congestion control- prevent congestion before it happens retransmission policy -
q illustrate keep alive and time-waited timerkeep alive timer to prevent a long inactive connection between two tcps - either client or server crash
explain persistence timer to deal with the zero-size windows what if a receiver advertises that the window size is 0 by sending ack and this ack is
q what is retransmission timerretransmission timer if an ack is received previous to the timer goes off - destroy the timer if the timer goes off
error control in tcp-duplicate amp out-of-order segment- duplicate segment- the destination tcp merely discards the segmentout-of-order segment- not
q show the error control in tcperror control in tcp detect lost segments out-of-order segments corrupted segments and duplicated segmentsthree tools
q explain silly window syndromewhen either sending application sends data gradually or receiving application consumes data slowly- illustration when
q example on tcp numberingenvision a tcp connection is transferring a file of 6000 bytesthe first byte is numbered 10010what are the sequence numbers
q tcp ndash numbering bytes numbering is utilized for flow amp error control segments arent numbered only bytes full-duplex connection - numbering
q what are the tcp servicestcp - services full duplex service connection oriented service reliable
q define the distance vector routingdistance vector routing every router periodically shares its knowledge about the entire internet with its
q what are the routing techniquesrouting routing techniques static versus dynamic routing routing table for classful addressing routing table for
q illustrate nonboundary-level masking with examplenonboundary-level masking example ip address 45 123 21 8 mask 255 192 0 0 subnet 45 64 0 0 123
q explain about nonboundary-level maskingnonboundary-level masking bytes in the ip address that correspond to 255 in the mask will be repeated in
q what is boundary level masking if mask numbers are either 255 or 0 bytes in the ip address that correspond to 255 in the mask will be repeated in
q what is subnetting subnetting ip addressing is hierarchical first reach a device through its network id netid then reach the host itself using