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state in brief about assertionassertion a statement which should be true at a designated point in a
what is assertionsintroductionat every point in a program there are generally constraints on the computational state that should hold for program to
explain in detail about the ruby arraysruby arrays have many interesting and powerful methods besides indexing operations which go well beyond those
explain the arrays in rubyruby arrays are dynamic arrays which expand automatically whenever a value is stored in a location beyond current end of
what are the dynamic arraysdynamic arrays are convenient for programmers since they can never be too small-whenever more space is needed in a dynamic
state the complex reallocation procedure some languages provide arrays whose sizes are established at run-time and can change during execution these
varieties of arraysin some languages size of an array should be established once and for all at program design time and cant change during execution
difference between array and abstract data typesarrays arent abstract data types since their arrangement in the physical memory of a computer is an
determine the importance of arrayarrays are significant since they allow many values to be stored in a single data structure whereas providing very
define the term - array a fixed length ordered collection of values of same type stored in contiguous memory locations collection may be ordered in
ruby implements range of t abstract data typeruby implements range of t adt in its range class elements of carrier set are represented in range
state the range of operation of adtoperations of the range of t adt includes following where a b isin t and r and s are values of range of
illustrate the intervals in mathematicscarrier set of a range of t is the set of all sets of values v isin t such that for some start value s isin t
range a structured type in rubyruby has a numerous structured types comprising arrays hashes sets classes streams and ranges in this section we would
enumerate about the carrier set membersruby is written in c so carrier set members which is individual symbols are implemented as fixed-size arrays
symbols of adt oeprations all symbol adt operations are implemented in symbol class except tosymbol which is implemented in classes like string which
ruby implementation of the symbol adtruby implementation of the symbol adt as mentioned hinges on making symbol class instances immutable that
explain about the string abstract data type operationssymbol adt has no concatenation operations but presuming we have a full-featured string adt
elaborate the symbols of abstract data typelengtha-returns the number of characters in symbol acapitalizea-returns the symbol generated from a by
the operations of the symbol adt the operations of the symbol adt are the followingab-returns true if and only if symbols a and bare
define the carrier set of the symbol adt carrier set of the symbol adt is the set of all finite sequences of characters over unicode characters set
determine the effect of ruby in implementation of stringruby has a string class whose instances are mutable sequences of unicode characters symbol
what is rubyruby has numerous simple types including numeric classes such as integer fixnum bignum float big decimal rational and complex textual
enumerate the types in rubyruby is a pure object-oriented language meaning that all types in ruby are classes and each value in a ruby program is an
explain about the structured types - built-in types values of the carrier set are not atomic consisting rather than several atomic values arranged in