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automatic typewriter it is a power-driven machine which automatically types a standard pro forma from a previously punched or stencilled master when
electric typewriter electric typewriters are similar to standard typewriters but with an electronic motor taking the place of human energy it is
standard typewriter you must have seen this manually operated machine standard typewriters of various makes such as remington fact godrej etc are
typewriters typewriter is the most common machine used in almost all offices typewritten letters are attractive in appearance as compared to
reprographyin order to disseminate information widely some method of reprography is invariably used reprography is the science and practice of
information distribution the organization and management of any institution be it an isolated lab or a large site with many labs requires that
objectivesafter studying this unit you should be able to1 list various types of reprographic methods2 describe uses of various kinds of typewriters3
introduction like any other office we need equipment to provide for information distribution in the laboratory office also for information
computers can be used for better and more efficient management and organisation of laboratories a computer like the human brain receives information
printer output consider what is required here do you just require management information on the one hand or camera copy for reprographic purposes
vdu visual display unit outputmake sure that vdus are of an appropriate type they can cause severe eyestrain and tension if you do not checka colourb
data output whatever data or information that you feed into a computer will be the data output from a computer system and will be a data file sent
word processing software the main use for word processing is found in secretarial offices and small publishing companies however if you are involved
if you have to consider the installation of communications packages the same questions have to be askeda does the software and the modem support the
electronic mail is another pc to pc and pc to mainframe data exchange if you subscribe to an electronic mail service it will enable your pc to gain
the internet or the world wide web is the most familiar and popular example these databases hold vast amounts of information for example on companies
when purchasing a database program you must have a clear idea of what you need it for ask yourself the following questions1 will it perform all he
application packages there are two options you can either write your own program or buy an applications package ie a proprietary program
data output processed data is no use to you if you cannot use it once data has been processed you will either1 send it as a data file to another
data input there are several aspects of data input that need careful consideration we shall assume that in a laboratory environment you are mainly
paper system when setting up a computer system you need to ask yourself does the system you plan to operate work manually ie on paper it is a
the gigo principle this is a simple principle with a clear message and universal application - garbage in - garbage outalways try and enter any data
overall functions there are three points that must be borne firmly in mind when considering the use of computers in laboratory managementoverall
computerised systems you would have realized by now that computing systems are most useful for manipulating information any organisation and
memory computers store information internally as well as externallylinked to cpu is an internal memory unit where all the instructions and data are