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What is the theoretical maximum etch rate of a 200 mm diameter silicon wafers when chlorine flow is 100 sccm (standard cubic centimetres per minute)?
Aluminium wires do not tolerate current densities higher than 1 MA/cm2. What are maximum currents that can run in micrometre aluminium wiring?
The sheet resistance of a typical aluminium metallization is 0.03 ohm/sq. What is aluminium thickness?
What should the AFM-tip radius be so that resolution is tip-limited? Estimate the analytical radius of electron microprobe (EMPA).
What is the difference between the oxidation rates of boron, phosphorus and arsenic doped wafers when all have identical doping levels?
Calculate boron updiffusion for different epitaxy conditions when the buried layer doping is 1018 cm-3 and epilayer doping is 1015 cm-3.
If 20 nm of nickel reacts with overabundance of silicon, how thick a layer of NiSi will be formed? Densities: Si-2.3 g/cm3, Ni-8.9 g/cm3 , NiSi-7.2 g/cm3.
Why does comparative advantage matter more than absolute advantage for trade? What factors are most important for economic growth?
Experimental values range from 0.001 to 0.2 cm/s. What are the possible sources of such wide distributions in experimental values?
The current PCO2 is 358 ppmv. Predict what will be the average pH of rainwater in the year 2050? Is your estimate realistic? Justify your conclusions.
Design a CSTR in series with the first one that can reduce the pollutant concentration to 0.1 mg/dm3. Which combination do you recommend and why?
If after 3 h of operation, the concentration of the bacteria is 3 × 10-5 kg/dm3, what is the specific growth rate of the bacteria?
If the effluent from the reactor is fed to a series reactor, what is the volume of second reactor if desired pollutant concentration in exit stream 0.1 kg/m3?
If the influent to the lake has a P loading of 5µg/L from agricultural pesticide runoff into the river, is the lake prone to eutrophication?
What is the overall flux of vinyl chloride through the bed? Answer in kg/m2 s. What is the mass rate through the bed in kg/h?
What is the desired gas flow rate to obtain a 1-h breakthrough in treating an air stream using a carbon bed of density 0.35 g/cm3.
Consider the city of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, with a population of 400,000. Determine the CO concentration in the atmosphere at 9 a.m.
The wind speed was 2 m/s and leak occurred on an overcast day. What is the likely concentration 10 km from the plant site?
What is the CO concentration after 2 h of cooking inside the hut? Compare the steady-state indoor CO concentration with the U.S. ambient air quality criteria.
Estimate the distance downwind of the spill that would exceed the worker standard exposure limit of 1 ppmv for DCA.
If the phosphorus settling rate is 10 m/y, estimate the average steady-state concentration of P in the lake. The depth of the lake is 1 m.
For a wind velocity of 5 m/s in the city, what is the steady-state concentration of CO in the city? What is the new steady-state concentration?
If the lake volume is V and has a volumetric flow rate of Q, obtain the steady-state concentration of Fe2+ in the lake.
A first-order reaction is 30% complete in 45 min. What is the rate constant in s-1? How long will it take for the reaction to be 90% complete?
Sulfur in the +4 oxidation state participates in a number of atmospheric reactions. What is the rate expression for the process?