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Viruses vary in the makeup of their genetic material. Some have double-stranded DNA, but other viruses have genomes composed of single-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or single-stranded RNA.
The CD4 T cell response can develop into either Th1 or Th2 responses, characterized by production of different cytokines. These two different responses have evolved to deal with different types of i
Antiviral drugs must be designed in a different way to that used for antibiotics or other anti-infective agents. This solution details the considerations that must be taken into account when develop
Describe the elements of humoral and cellular immunity that are involved in immune responses to viral infections.
The type of T cell-mediated immune response has a key impact on the outcome of several parasite infections. This solution uses schistosomiasis as an example to explain how different types of T cell
H1N1 influenza has become a major health concern. This solution details why this virus poses such a threat to public health, and how the virus arose. It also discusses how spread of the virus can be
This solutions describes circumstances where it may be desirable to convert a patients' CD4 T cell response from a Th1-dominated to a Th2-dominated response or vice versa.
Three siblings are exposed to Parvovirus B19, a virus that commonly infects children, infecting and destroying erythrocytes (RBCs) and in rare cases causes a transient anemia but usually is cleared
Why might have virology developed more slowly without the use of Chamberlandâ??s porcelain filter.
Consider one human viral disease you would like to report on. Write a report on your chosen human viral disease. The report should include the following factors relative to the disease.
How would your body react in a non-specific way to a threat of microbial invasion.
Using named examples compare and contrast viral evolution via antigenic drift and via antigenic shift. State which mechanism is most significant in terms of impact of human disease explaining your a
If you were to create a hypothetical perfect pathogen, identify four features of the pathogen that help to maximize its survival and spread within a host population.
Hershey and Chase intended to see if it's the viral DNA or the viral protein coat that enters bacteria upon infection with bacteriophage (virus infecting bacteria).
Why were some contact lens solutions removed from the stores several years ago? What caused the problem and what happened to those who used these products.
Describe the Hershey-Chase experiment. Explain in your own words, as if you were talking to someone with no genetics background, how they used radioactive isotopes to demonstrate that DNA, not prote
This response also discusses the mechanisms behind the "zone of inhibition" using the Kirby-Bauer method and what factors influence this phenomenon.
Protozoans are grouped through their means of locomotion; describe the three different types of locomotion.
Why is the blood brain barrier considered both good and bad.
How does an organism with a capsule such as K. pneumoniae, provide the organism with pathogenic abilities to avoid destruction by the host cell.
Lab mice are immunized with a measles vaccine. When the mice are challenged with the measles virus to test the strength of their immunity.
How does an active infection occur in the urinary tract? Which factors in the urinary tract predispose humans toward urinary tract infections.
Take the following list of eight cells, or components of cells, and: (a) list them in order from largest to smallest; (b) say whether each is best viewed with the naked eye, light microscope, electr
There are six characteristics of infectious disease agents which determine whether or not an infectious disease will be transmitted to and infect a host.
For each method listed, indicate the mode of action.