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What kind of vaccine (live, dead, whole, viral protein, etc) would be the best for a virus that causes a mild disease in individuals with a heavy cytolytic response.
What are three reasons one might a situation in which bacterial colonies are found on the first section of a streak plate, but not on sections two and three.
Some species of bacteria that live at the surface of sediment on the bottom of lakes are facultative anaerobes; that is, they are capable of either aerobic or anaerobic respiration.
List 20 antimicrobials used in food manufacturing and specify the maximum allowance of each one in food.
One-hundred grams of fresh tomatoes were placed in a stomacher and blended for 45 seconds. A 1 mL sample of blended tomatoes was placed in tube containing 9 mL of Trypticase Soy Broth.
Bacteria have three basic recognizable shapes. Name and describe the shapes, discuss differences in the groups physiologically and biologically and give examples of each type that may be found in yo
What are the most common microorganisms found in the nose? Oropharyx, Nasopharynx? Tonsillar crypts? Lower respiratory tract? Oral cavity? Eye? External ear? Stomach? Small intestine? Colon? Genitou
What are the functions of the following pharmaceuticals: growth hormone, human rennin, interferons, tissue plasminogen activator, and interleukin-2.
Using Streptococcus pneumoniae as an example, this solution describes how serological tests can distinguish between multiple different serotypes of a bacterial species.
Compare and contrast the mechanisms of pathogenicity developed by foodborne enteropathagenic E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella species that cause infections in the human host. Include : adherence, in
Define the term "quorum sensing" and describe (at the cellular/biochemical level) the mechanism by which microbes participate in this phenomenon.
Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls with regard to (a) sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, (b) resistance to phagocytosis, (c) chemical composition, and (d) decolorizati
Explain how culturing and organism on several different types of media can help identify an organism in a relatively short period of time.
Explain why anaerobic organisms are generally not the enteric pathogens seen in a routine fecal specimen. Why are these anaerobic organisms not seen in a routine fecal culture.
Describe the four basic methods in which antimicrobial agents work.
What energy systems are responsible for living organisms acquiring energy and transforming energy into other forms? How do these systems work and how do they relate to the structures in the Prokaryo
Why did bacteria such as Streptomyces species evolve toxins against other bacteria.
You count 74 cfu on a pour plate. The plate was prepared by spreading 0.2 ml of a 1:10,000 dilution of the original sample. What is the density of the original culture (in cells/ml).
What are the three stages for identification of coli-forms in a water sample? Can you confirm the presence of coli-forms at each stage? Why or why not.
Explain what is meant by "indicator" organisms when testing a water sample. What are the media used to determine the presence of the indicator organisms? What are the morphological and biochemical
If urine is normally sterile within the urinary bladder, explain two ways in which urine may become contaminated when obtaining a urine culture.
What is the purpose of flaming the loop prior to transferring an organism from a test tube to a petri plate? What type of heat is flaming? Why can't the loop be put on the bench top after using it.
Why do you need a sterile tongue depressor to obtain a sterile throat culture? What might be the outcome of a throat culture if the tongue depressor was not sterile.
Cases of Campylobacter infection were reported in Jones County last summer. In the previous summer, less than five cases were reported.
List two experiments by early scientists and provide a detailed explanation of how each experiment disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.