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in this unit you have learnt that heart is a muscular organ situated in thorax covering with pericardium and consist of four chambers ie right atrium
other complications bioprosthetic valves have a tendency for degeneration calcification or cusp perforation current models have overcome many of
pulmonary valve is surface marked at the sternal end of the left 3rd costal cartilage aortic valve is surface marked at the sternal margin of the
haemolysis mechanical valves bioprosthetic valves as well as valves repaired with annuloplasty rings may cause haemolysis and related anaemia
connect point a and d by line which is convex to the left the left border is formed by the left ventricle except at its upper end which is formed by
the upper border of the hearta mark a point on the lower border of the left second costal cartilage 12 cm away from the sternal marginb mark
valve thrombosis valve thrombosis causes sudden deterioration of the patients haemodyarnics a stuck valve may produce both stenosis and
other complications of prosthetic valves one of the dreaded complications of mitral valve replacement is ventricular rupture it is difficult to
the heart is drained by vessels that travel in the interventricular and atrioventricular grooves one set runs in the anterior part of the
the heart is enclosed in a membranous sac called the pericardium it has two layers- the fibrous pericardium which is the outer layer and the serous
infective endocarditis all patients with prosthetic valve come under the high-risk category for endocarditis they need prophylactic antibiotics
the left coronary artery arises from the left posterior aortic sinus it runs to the left behind the pulmonary trunk and appears between left auricle
right coronary artery arises from the anterior aortic sinus it runs down along the anterior part of the coronary sulcus reaches the lower border of
the heart is supplied exclusively by the right and left coronary arteries the coronary arteries are functional end arteries there is no effective
mechanical prosthetic valves these patients should have lifelong anticoagulation in the absence of anticoagulation systemic embolism and strokes
the vagus gives of one superior cervical cardiac branch and an inferior cervical cardiac branch in the neck these branches descend into the thorax
bioprosthetic valves the risk of thromoboembolism is limited to the first three months until the sewing ring gets endothelialised the
post operative anticoagulation thromboembolism remains a serious complication after valve replacement lifelong anticoagulation is requised for
the fibrous rings of the four valves of the heart are continuous with each other they not only form the basis for the attachment of the corresponding
this valve has the same basic features as of the tricuspid valve it has an anterior and a posterior cusp the anterior cusp is larger and is
mitral valve replacement with allograft mitral homograft c acar and colleagues used mitral allograft for mitral valvc replacement using a new
pulmonary autograft and ross procedure sir donald ross in 1967 introduced the concept of using patients own pulmonary valve autograft for aortic
atrio-ventricular orificesthe right and left atrio-ventricular orifices are oval apertures the openings lie in a plane that is almost vertical with a
aortic allograft homograft in the earlier years fresh antibiotic preserved aortic allografts were tried as the shelf life is limited
the left atrium is a thin walled cavity most of the wall is smooth musculi pectinati are present only in the auricle of the atrium the interatrial