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explain brifly what is genetic engineering genetic engineering engineering techniques have been used in agriculture and horticulture for centuries
explain the eukaryotic gene expression eukaryotic cells regulate the transcription of individual genes large parts of chromosomes or even entire
what is gene expression gene expression is the process by which a gene is activated to produce a certain protein cells are able to respond to changes
what is translocationsometimes pieces of two chromosomes that are not homologous break off at the same time if the broken pieces are re-attached to
explain what is inversion inversion is another way in which genetic recombination can occur as seen below in this case the change occurs within a
explain crossing over in geneticscrossing over is when the arms of homologous chromosomes exchange segments and therefore genes with each other
what is genes duplication duplication of genes can happen when a portion of a chromosome breaks off and attaches itself to the end of its homologous
what is deletion of cella deletion is simply when a tip or fragment of a chromosome breaks off and fails to reattach itself to the chromosome from
describe genetic recombination genetic recombination which provides the variation necessary for evolution can occur through a variety of processes
point mutations are often caused by substances called mutagens explainpoint mutations are often caused by substances called mutagens base analogs
explain point mutations gene mutations involving single genes occur by addition substitution or deletion of a single base in dna such mutations
explain the term mutationsmutations are changes in the genetic structure of an organism that occur at random or are the results of environmental
what is multiple alleles obviously diploid organisms such as humans can have only two different alleles for a certain gene locus however new alleles
explain the pair of chromosomes and sex chromosomesmorgan also noticed that one pair of chromosomes is different in male and female flies one of the
what is chromosome mapping in phenotypic traitchromosome mapping by noting how often a gene segment associated with a specific phenotypic trait
what is the role of linked traits in geneticsin his study of inheritance in the fruit fly morgan observed that certain genes are distributed together
what is cytogeneticsbefore the advent of modern technology the american biologists thomas hunt morgan gw beadle h sturtevant barbara mcclintock and
explain the factor chromosomal inheritancea huge step forward in our understanding of heredity came in 1902 when a biologist named walter s sutton
what is mendels crosses in genetics explain breiflymendel found that if he transferred pollen from a green-seed strain to a yellow-seed strain and
explain pea plants in geneticspea plants in pea plants sperm are located in the pollen grains produced by the anthers of the flower eggs are
what is genetic recombination and evolution variation among the offspring of living organisms results from genetic recombination through sexual
explain sexual reproduction in most higher organisms replication occurs by sexual reproduction sexual reproduction begins with a process called
what is chromosomes the terminology used to describe dna replication may sometimes be confusing originally the term chromosome referred to the
what is cytokinesis in cell reproductioncytokinesis mitosis is usually followed by cytokinesis the division of the cytoplasm and cell membrane
what is mitosismitosis is a process whereby a cell that is preparing to divide separates the duplicated pairs of chromosomes from each other so that