1) You wish to determine if teaching statistics with definitional formula changes students' conceptual understanding of psychological statistics. We know the average performance on a national statistics exam (µ = 65). Thus, a sample of students (n = 8) were taught statistics with only definitional formula. After the class ended, all 8 students took a national statistics exam. There scores are listed below:
68, 69, 92, 77, 71, 99, 82, 74
Therefore, the research hypothesis is that teaching with definitional formula changes students' conceptual understanding of psychological statistics