The aim of this coursework is to study the generation, composition and management of solid waste.
Task-1 Assignment - Technical report writing
Students of different batches will be given different topics. Topics can be from any of the following areas and will be given by concerned tutor during the semester.
1. Municipal solid waste generation in Sultanate of Oman
2. Solid waste management in Oman
3. Success story of integrated waste management
4. Hazardous waste management
5. Waste to energy
6. Waste to product
Introduction
The term solid waste usually relates to all kinds of waste, whether generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, or other human activities, including municipal (residential, institutional, commercial), agricultural, and special (health care, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge).Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics. The composition of municipal solid waste varies greatly from municipality to municipality (country to country) and changes significantly with time. In municipalities (countries) which have a well-developed waste recycling system, the waste stream consists mainly of intractable wastes such as plastic film, and unrecyclable packaging materials.
The collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of solid wastes, particularly wastes generated in medium and large urban centres, have become a relatively difficult problem to solve for those responsible for their management. The face of solid waste generation and management in Muscat has also been changed dramatically over the last several decades. The total MSW amount increased from 0.65 million tons in 2004 to 1.95 million tons in 2014, and the waste generation rate increased from 0.0.7 kg/capita/day to 1.95 kg/capita/day.Before1990, almost all trash was disposed of in landfills and in "municipal waste combustors" (which burn trash and caused air pollution).
Most of the landfills were owned and operated by municipalities. None of this quantities of waste generated were being recycled. Therefore, In the Sultanate of Oman, along with urbanization, population growth and industrialization, the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) rapidly has been increased. Dramatic increases in energy costs, highly concerns about climate change, renewed interest in more efficient use of waste as second-hand materials, and diminishing public resources are prompting the Sultanate of Oman Environmental Protection section to fundamentally re-examine the issues related to solid waste management. As more resources and land is needed for the ultimate management and disposal of these solid wastes, issues related to management and disposal of MSW have become highly challenging in Sultanate Oman.
Write a project report on one of the above mentioned area assigned by the concerned teacher. Task detail will be separately uploaded on the blackboard.
Task- Technical report on site visit
Introduction
A landfill is a solid waste management facility that utilizes an engineered method of land disposal, primarily for Municipal Solid Wastes. An "engineered" method of landfilling means that wastes are handled at a disposal facility that is designed constructed and operated in a manner protective of public health and the environment. The treatment of solid wastes is also a key component of waste management. There are around 350 no. of such dumpsites/ landfills/ treatment plants are in operation all over the Sultanate of Oman. In order to achieve practical experiences on Solid Waste land fill operation or treatment, a site visit is being arranged to Municipal Waste disposal landfill site/ treatment plant in one of the city of Oman.
Task
Write a report on summarizing the technical details of the landfilled site including operation and management. A summarizing technical and operational detail on the observations made during the site visit should be submitted.
The report should include the following with appropriate introduction and conclusion:
1. Details of landfill
- Brief history and geographical information of the disposal site/treatment plant
- Engineering design and details specification
- Skeletal flow diagram of the facility
- Sources and composition of waste
- Waste Collection systems
- Operation and maintenance
- Leachate and gas generation and controlled
2. Existing problems
- Technical
- Operation and maintenance
- Leachate and gas generation
3. Improving measures
- Technical
- Operational
Also some of the technical data on the disposal site and the information collected from the site should be included for any future reference.