Problem:
In Chapter 2, of "Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys" by Victor Rios, the author describes the city of Oakland, its poverty, blocked opportunities, and a system of injustice for many minority youths. Rios highlights "that criminalization is embedded in Oakland's social order" (pg. 37) and a history of racialized social order exists in Oakland. What is the purpose of all of this?
Dr. Victor Rios provides a detailed breakdown of hyper-violence in Chapter 2. This concept refers to Oakland's continuous acts of violence that have remained disproportionately high for the past twenty years and that sacrifice the lives of children, young adults, and even entire families. The hyper-violence present in Oakland drives young men to live by a strict "code of conduct."
Why does victor coin the term hyper-violence instead of just using violence? And second, how is hyper-violence display in the Oakland community? Explain and use examples from the book.