Assignment
Part I:
o Which cancers originate from connective tissue?
o Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?
o What are characteristics of cancer in situ?
o Cells from a muscle tumor show a reduced ability to form new muscle and appear highly disorganized. This is an example of what abnormal physiology?
o What are tumor cell markers? What is the purpose of tumor cell markers?
o What is apoptosis?
o What are oncogenes?
o Why are two "hits" required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes?
o How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?
o What are characteristics of benign tumors?
o What is the major virus involved in cervical cancer?
o Which of the viruses are oncogenic DNA viruses?
o Which cancers are associated with chronic inflammation? How does chronic inflammation cause cancer?
o A pathology report stages a tumor as T2, N1, M0. What is the meaning of this finding?
o Why do nausea and vomiting occur after cancer therapy?
o Which cytokine is involved in producing cachexia syndrome?
o Normally, which cells, are considered immortal (never die)?
o What are the common routes for distant metastasis?
Part II: Cancer Epidemiology
o Which characteristic among women correlates with a high morbidity of cancer of the colon, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, breast, uterus, and kidney?
o What substance has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking?
o Which diagnostic tests provide the greatest exposure to ionizing radiation?
o Tobacco smoking is associated with which cancers?
o What are the most important risk factors associated with the development of skin melanoma?
o Which environmental factors has been shown to have the greatest effect on the frequency of genetic mutations in humans?
o Research data support the relationship between ultraviolet sunlight exposure and the development of which cancers?
o Alcohol consumption has been proven to be a consistent risk factor in the development of which of the major cancers?
Part III: Cancer in Children
o What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children?
o When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed?
o Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which cancer?
o What percentage of children with cancer can be cured?
o Most childhood cancers arise from which tissue?
o Chronic myelogenous leukemia, retinoblastoma, and osteosarcoma are associated with which genetic factors in childhood cancers?
o Childhood exposure to which risk factors increases susceptibility to cancer?
o There are research data to support a carcinogenic relationship in children resulting from exposure to which virus?
Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
o The answer should be typed, using Times New Roman font (size 12), double spaced, with one-inch margins on all sides.
o The response also includes a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
o Also include a reference page. The Citations and references must follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.