Problem: Reply to this paragraph:
An ethical argument is reasoning that you present that uses reasons and evidence to support a perspective or standpoint on something (Copi et al., 2016). Ethical arguments are used to justify why a certain belief, value or actions are morally acceptable or unacceptable (Copi et al., 2016). Within this kind of argument, principles, beliefs, and values are discussed that influence decisions and behaviors (Copi et al., 2016). To construct an ethical argument, there are a handful of steps involved: identification, position, reasoning, addressing opposing views and conclusions (Copi et al., 2016). First, the issue or topic needs to be clearly defined and organized and then you state your position. Next, your reasoning and evidence is provided such as examples, facts, and logical reasoning; ensuring fallacies are not used to weaken or invalidate the argument. Then, addressing opposing viewpoints shows you have considered multiple perspectives on the topic you have chosen; this also strengthens your argument. Finally, summarizing the main points and providing the concluding statement should lead to your conclusion.
Ethical arguments can often be categorized as subjective or objective. Some ethical theories suggest there are objective moral standards that exist separately from personal opinions or norms. Meanwhile, other ethical theories suggest ethical judgements can vary based on perspectives, context, and values. The ethical theory deontology argues things as either right or wrong universally, no matter personal beliefs. This theory argues that actions are morally right or wrong based on set universal rules, this falls under objective standards for ethical arguments. As for subjective standards, utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states the morality of an action is determined by the end result or the overall positivity that results. These judgements vary because of different perspectives, cultural backgrounds, and personal values.
Personally, I feel ethical arguments fall somewhere in the middle of this spectrum between objective and subjective standards for arguments. I think every argument is different and should be handled as such with different combinations of objective principles and subjective interpretations. Different people approach the same issue differently and I think it is important to be able to balance both subjective and objective standards. Practicing empathy and understanding to others while also reflecting and being self-aware can help lead to effective, ethical argumentation. Also, by using both standards, I think a more well-rounded and persuasive ethical argument could be had.