Problem
1. Some manufacturers claim that application of water-reducing admixtures can lower the cement content and increase the consistency and strength of a reference concrete mixture. Explain why all three benefits may not be available at the same time.
2. Commercial lignin-based admixtures when used as water-reducing agents may exhibit certain side effects. Discuss the possible side effects and explain how they are corrected.
The response should include a reference list. Double-space, using Times New Roman 12 pnt font, one-inch margins, and APA style of writing and citations.