1. The division of labor in early American shoe factories
A) caused a slowdown in manufacturing.
B) increased the price of shoes.
C) caused the price of shoes to double.
D) allowed for mass production of shoes.
2. The new industrial system that manufacturers developed in the early nineteenth century
A) heavily relied on slave labor.
B) expanded the rural outwork system to make it more efficient.
C) characterized by increase use of machines for production.
D) was bitterly opposed by Native Americans.
3. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the effect of canals and steamboats on the flow of goods and information during the 1830s?
A) Farmers in the Old Northwest were able to ship to Europe.
B) The canals and steamboats significantly increased the transport of goods and products up and down stream.
C) Newspapers, mail, and business communications traveled five times as fast as they had a decade earlier.
D) Canals and steamboats had little effect on the nation's economic development.
4. The rapid growth of western cities such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and New Orleans resulted from their
A) location at points where goods had to be transferred from one mode of transported from river to railroad.
B) location on the fall line.
C) proximity to abundant coal supplies.
D) success in surpassing rival towns in their regions in the competition for trade monopolies.
5. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes German immigration to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?
A) Relatively few Germans immigrated to the U.S. compared to the Irish and British arrivals.
B) The overwhelming majority of Germans settled in the South.
C) Germans were the second largest immigrant group and many settled in the Midwestern states.
D) The Germans led urban riots against the Irish and black populations of cities.
6. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes immigration in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?
A) Most immigrants settled in the South to take advantage of jobs in industry and agriculture.
B) The Irish faced the most prejudice.
C) The largest group of immigrants came from eastern and southern Europe.
D) The British were a steady source of unskilled laborers.
7. The candidate who won the greatest number of electoral votes in 1824 was
A) Andrew Jackson.
B) Henry Clay.
C) William Crawford.
D) John Quincy Adams.
8. The first national campaign organized in support of Andrew Jackson's candidacy marked the beginning of
A) modern American political parties and party politics.
B) orchestrating Native American support for presidential candidates.
C) insisting that presidents only speak to the interest of the wealthy elite during the campaign.
D) downplaying the interests of state and local party officials and instead devoting the party's efforts strictly to the national campaign for the presidency.
9. In response to South Carolina's claimed right of nullification, Andrew Jackson
A) asked Congress to raise the tariff rates even higher if South Carolina did not stop its threats.
B) asked Congress for a Force Bill authorizing him to use the military to suppress any act of nullification.
C) pulled federal troops out of forts and federal ships out of Charleston, where they might have provoked an attack by South Carolina militia.
D) asked Congress to prepare a bill to expel South Carolina from the Union if it did not stop its threats.
10. In the aftermath of the nullification crisis, President Jackson responded to southern concerns about the tariff by
A) insisting that high protective tariffs were in the national interest.
B) attempting unsuccessfully to have Congress repeal the Tariff of 1832.
C) persuading Congress to pass new legislation enacting a compromise tariff to gradually reduce duties.
D) ignoring the issue.
11. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes Jackson's position on the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?
A) It was an unpopular action, surprising the country because few expected him to do such a thing on the eve of an election.
B) Jackson intended to support the bank in order to create a close relationship with the merchant and bankers.
C) Jackson looked end the Second National Bank and move the federal government's gold reserve to state controlled banks.
D) Jackson staked his presidency decreasing state rights through renewing the Second Bank's charter.
12. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes Andrew Jackson's intentions toward Native Americans?
A) He planned to encourage missionaries to convert the tribes east of the Mississippi River to Christianity and white culture.
B) He intended to force Native Americans to accept their status as citizens of the U.S.
C) He sought better relations with the “civilized” Indians of the Old Southwest, encouraging them to continue their adaptation to white ways.
D) He meant to remove all Native Americans east of the Mississippi, even those who had adapted to white society.
13. The abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison
A) attacked the U.S. Constitution because it condoned slavery.
B) was a minister who came to believe that only men were fit to be slaves.
C) demanded that slaveholders pay slaves wages.
D) criticized the colonizationists for moving too slowly in their efforts to emancipate slaves to South America.
14. The “gag rule,” passed by the House of Representatives in 1836,
A) suspended the right of habeas corpus for any abolitionist speaker arrested for violating anti-abolitionist laws.
B) stipulated that antislavery petitions received by the House would not receive attention from congress.
C) was imposed by northern congressmen to silence southern politicians whose filibustering prevented antislavery proposals from being considered.
D) made it a federal crime to distribute abolitionist tracts in any state or territory that prohibited such delivery.
15. By the early 1840s, Garrison and his supporters in the American Anti-Slavery Society
A) softened their rhetoric in an effort to end the violent attacks on lecturers.
B) joined the Tappan brothers and Theodore Weld to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society.
C) advocated a broad-based reform program, embracing women's participation in the society, pacifism, and the abolition of prisons and asylums.
D) became convinced that working for abolitionist ends within existing institutions was more effective than individual actions outside these institutions.
16. Which of the following most accurately describes the ways by which an African American slave would be sent from the Old South to the New South through the domestic slave trade?
A) Planters used a system of random selection to choose the African American slaves that would be sent to the New South.
B) Planters would normally transfer or sell African American slaves to planters in the New South.
C) Planters forced trusted African American slaves to walk New South without white supervision.
D) Planters relied upon Native Americans to control black slaves on the journey New South.
17. The domestic slave trade affected the African American family unit before 1865 by
A) destroying the sense of family.
B) separating adults but not children from their families.
C) destroying seventy-five percent of black marriages.
D) separating family members through sale and transfer.
18. A more unified African American culture began to emerge in the early decades of the nineteenth century because
A) the Gullah dialect spread to the new slave territories in the Old Southwest.
B) the increase of enslaved Africans born in the United States and the rapid transfer of slaves from other regions into the Lower Mississippi Valley significantly minimized cultural differences.
C) blacks rejuvenated African customs as the transatlantic slave trade ceased.
D) most slaves were united by their traditional religion, which persisted despite the efforts of white Christians to convert them.
19. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes African American marriage customs in the slave South?
A) The slaves on most plantations were related to each other because African custom gave preference to marriages between cousins.
B) Most African American marriage customs imitated those of white Christians.
C) Many slaves married and moved into their own cabins without their white owners' permission.
D) Many slave couples, following African custom, jumped over a broomstick in a public ceremony to signify their union.
20. What were the trends in slaves' living conditions in the early nineteenth century?
A) Sexual abuse of black women decreased because white males on the southwestern frontier knew the law would punish them.
B) Blacks lost the few work privileges they had gained in the eighteenth century, especially in the lowlands of South Carolina.
C) Castration and other mutilations of black men increased as whites sought to deter runaways and slave revolts.
D) As blacks formed stronger social, family, and cultural ties, they were in a better position to resist the breakup of families through sale by their owners.
21. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the experiences of free blacks in early nineteenth-century United States?
A) Most held low-wage jobs as farm workers, day laborers, or laundresses.
B) They constituted about 50 percent of the African American population by 1820.
C) Joshua Johnston, a surveyor who helped to lay out the national capital and published an almanac, was one of the very few free blacks who was able to use his talents to the fullest and achieved great distinction.
D) No free blacks were able to amass wealth before 1865.
22. Between 1800 and 1860 white planters moved to the lower South to
A) transform the West into a free labor society.
B) help move the South towards an economic system geared towards industrial capitalism.
C) invest in agricultural development.
D) flee antislavery laws in the upper South.
23. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the cotton planter class of the southwest?
A) Planters lived in elegant mansions.
B) Planters embraced the cultured gentility of the Chesapeake region and the Carolinas.
C) The goal of the planter class was to make money.
D) Planters refused to do physical labor on plantations.
24. Which of the following groups was not directly affected by the expansion of southern cotton slavery during the early 1800s?
A) White southern planters
B) African American slaves
C) Native Americas
D) Irish immigrants
25. Free blacks in the South
A) lived mostly in the North.
B) generally identified the most with the poor whites of South.
C) won the right to trial by jury in criminal cases.
D) were able to travel fairly widely without identification papers.
26. Throughout the 1850s, delegates at national women's rights conventions promoted reforms to
A) allow women to control their reproductive rights.
B) guarantee married women control over their own property and earnings.
C) establish the principle of joint custody of children in the event of divorce.
D) win the right of women to drink at the same bars as men.
27. In New York by 1860, the efforts of feminists such as Susan B. Anthony resulted in a law that gave women all of the following rights except
A) sole guardianship of their children if they became widowed.
B) the right to collect their own wages.
C) the right to vote in local and state elections.
D) the right to own property acquired by trade, business, labors, or services.
28. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, by Frederick Douglass, became
A) promoted Africans coming the United States to fight slavery of their African brothers and sistas.
B) provided an convincing argument for women to leave any church that did not preach against slavery.
C) became an essential piece of abolitionist literature, which exposed the evils of slavery.
D) depicted the benefits which slavery provided slave families.
29. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the domestic slave trade?
A) The domestic slave trade declined during the early 1800s.
B) The domestic slave trade was outlawed by Congress in 1807.
C) The domestic slave trade expanded after the War of 1812,due to the federal government's acquisition of new territories.
D) The domestic slave trade included thousands of Native Americans held as slaves.
30. Which of the following reasons does not explain how the federal government played a major role in expanding slavery during the early 1800s?
A) The federal government secured Louisiana from the French in 1803.
B) The federal government removed Native Americans from the southeastern states in the 1830s.
C) The federal government annexed Texas and Mexican territories in the 1840s.
D) The federal government expanded participation in the International Slave Trade after 1807.
31. The New York Female Moral Reform Society (and its national successor, the American Female Moral Reform Society)
A) was founded by Catharine Beecher.
B) provided an opportunity for male and female reformers to work together as equals in the same organization.
C) attempted to provide moral “government” for male factory workers, seamstresses, clerks, and servants who lived away from their families.
D) attempted to reform prostitutes, redeem morally corrupted women, and prevent the moral corruption of single women.
32. Why did the Irish immigrate to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?
A) England invaded Ireland during the mid-1840s, displacing the Irish population.
B) They fled a famine caused by severe overpopulation and a devastating blight on the potato crop.
C) The expansion of the industrial revolution displaced Irish workers.
D) Anti-Catholic violence forced the Irish to flee their homeland.
33. During the 1840s and 1850s, Roman Catholic churches in the United States
A) grew larger and provided a sense of identity for most Irish.
B) were ordered by the pope to overthrow Protestantism.
C) emphasized Irish immigrants involvement in American politics and economics.
D) withered under an intensive campaign by evangelical Protestants to convert Catholic immigrants.