Stanton Inc. is considering the purchase of a new machine, which will reduce manufacturing costs by $5,000 annually and increase earnings before depreciation and taxes by $6,000 annually. Stanton will use the MACRS method to depreciate the machine, and it has estimated the depreciation expense for the first year as $8,000. Which of the following is the supplemental operating cash flow for the first year if Stanton's marginal tax rate is 40 percent?